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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Cyrus the Great
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established massive Persian empire by 55O BCE
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Zoroastrianism
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animist religion that saw material existence as battle between forces of good and evil
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Olympic games
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one of the pan-Hellenic rituals observed by all Greek city-states
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Pericles
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Athenian political leader during 5th century BCE
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Peloponnesian Wars
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wars from 431 to 404 BCE between Athens and Sparta for dominance of southern Greece
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Philip II of Macedon
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ruled Macedon from 359 BCE to 336 BCE; later conquered the rest of Greece
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Hellenistic period
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that culture associated with the spread of Greek influence as a result of Macedonian conquests
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Alexandria, Egypt
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one of many cities of that name founded by Alexander the Great
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Roman republic
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the balanced constitution of Rome from c.510 to 47 BCE;featured an aristocratic Senate, a panel of magistrates, and several popular assemblies
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Punic Wars
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fought between Rome and Carthage to establish dominance in the western Mediterranean
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Carthage
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became a major port and commercial power in the western Mediterranean
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Hannibal
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great Carthaginian general during Second Punic War
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Julius Caesar
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a general who won a civil war in 45 BCE which ended the traditional institutions of Rome
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Augustus Caesar
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first emperor of Rome
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Diocletian
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Roman emperor from 254 to 305 CE; improved administration and tax collection
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Constantine
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Roman emperor from 312 to 337 CE; established second capital at Constantinople and tried to unify empire with Christianity
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polis
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city-state form of government; typical of Greek political organization from 800-400 BCE
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direct democracy
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literally rule of the people; in Athens, all decisions came from popular assembly without intermediation of elected representatives
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Senate
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assembly of Roman aristocrats; advised on policy within the republic
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consuls
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two chief executives or magistrates of the Roman republic
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Cicero
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conservative Roman senator; Stoic philosopher
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Aristotle
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Greek philosopher;knowledge based on observation of phenomena in material world
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Stoics
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emphasized inner moral independence cultivated by strict discipline of the body and personal bravery
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Socrates
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philosopher who urged rational reflection of moral decisions
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Plato
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philosopher whose knowledge was based on the considerations of ideal forms outside the material world
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Sophocles
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Greek writer of tragedies
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Doric
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distinct style of Hellenistic architecture; the least ornate of the three
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Ionic
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distinct style of Hellenistic architecture; in the middle regarding intricacy
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Corinthian
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distinct style of Hellenistic architecture; most ornate of the three
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