Ap World History Terms From Unit 4 (1750-1914)

Front 1

French liberal revolutionary party that established a French Republic in the revolution of 1789 during the Reign of Terror.

Back 1

Jacobins

Front 2

Free mixed-race Haitians that sought the end to race discrimination in France and its colonies. Instrumental in beginning the Haitian Revolution.

Back 2

gens de couleur

Front 3

Meeting of European monarchs in response to the Napoleonic Wars that resulted in the restoration of old borders and monarchs and strict repression of liberalism.

Back 3

Congress of Vienna

Front 4

The transformation of farming that resulted in the eighteenth century from the spread of new crops, improvements in cultivation techniques and livestock breeding, and the consolidation of small holdings into large farms from which tenants and sharecroppers were forcibly expelled.

Back 4

agricultural revolution

Front 5

The idea that government should refrain from interfering in economic affairs. The idea was promoted by economist Adam Smith.

Back 5

laissez faire

Front 6

The most important military leader in the struggle for independence in South America. Born in Venezuela, he led military forces there and in Columbia, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia.

Back 6

Simon Bolivar

Front 7

"Restructuring" reforms by the nineteenth century Ottoman rulers, intended to move civil law away from the control of religious elites and make the military and the bureaucracy more efficient.

Back 7

Tanzimat

Front 8

The most destructive civil war before the twentieth century. A Christian-inspired rural rebellion threatened to topple the Qing Empire.

Back 8

Taiping Rebellion

Front 9

Leader of Egyptian modernization in the early nineteenth century. He ruled Egypt as an Ottoman governor, but had imperial ambitions. His descendants ruled Egypt until overthrown in 1952.

Back 9

Muhammad Ali

Front 10

A soldier in South Asia, especially in the service of the British East India Co.

Back 10

sepoy

Front 11

A large Muslim state founded in 1809 in what is now northern Nigeria. Consolidated many former slave trading kingdoms.

Back 11

Sokoto Caliphate

Front 12

Conflict between the Russian and Ottoman Empires fought primarily in the Balkan region. To prevent Russian expansion, Britain and France sent troops to support the Ottomans.

Back 12

Crimean War

Front 13

The right of foriegn residents in a country to live under the laws of their native country and disregard the laws of the host country. In the nineteenth century, European and American nationals living in certain areas of Chinese and Ottoman cities were granted this right.

Back 13

extraterritoriality

Front 14

Movement of young intellectuals to institute liberal reforms and build a feeling of national identity in the Ottoman Empire in the second half of the nineteenth century.

Back 14

Young Turks

Front 15

Movement among Russian intellectuals in the second half of the nineteenth century to identify culturally and politically with the Slavic peoples of eastern Europe.

Back 15

Pan-Slavism