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60 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Absolutism
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Definition: power vested in one sole ruler can manipulate public using threats and punishment
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Louis XIII
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Prime minister: Cardinal Richelieu
Foundation of absolutism |
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Richelieu
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Wanted land from the Hapsburgs and promote an absolute monarchy
Crushed nobility: feudalism diminished outlawed walled cities Centralization (tax) Harsh punishment Suspected Huguenots but did not get rid of Edict of Nantes Supported Protestants in 30 years war against the Huguenots & Spain French Academy, religion , philsophy and literature |
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Intendant System
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Richelieu diminished the noble power by place intendants in charge of districts
They regulated the economy and the judicial grinds Order and regulated gov’t |
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Louis XIV
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“Sun King” peak of absolutism, culture and power
Divine right to rule for the good of the people |
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Palace of Versailles
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Lavish court where nobles had to stay
Put their minds away from politics Diminished the treasury Culture flourished Baroque style of architecture and French art |
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Wars in France
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Constant warfare of expansion
Promoted new practices Standard weapons , uniforms Feed troops System of recruit and training Depleted treasury |
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Legacy
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Routines in court to enforce power
Never called Parliament Repeal of Edict of Nantes Versailles Building programs Culture Army High taxes on peasants Diminshed economy |
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Colbert and Mercantilism
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Self-sufficiet
Factories erupted making glass, silk, weaving, food inspection and regulation Guilds Marine system Commercial classes prospered |
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Mazarin
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Increase in taxes
Rebellion by the nobility : Fronde Parliament wanted limit king’s power Led the Sun King to gain power Key success in gaining power for France |
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Spain- Philip II
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Bourbon king
Spanish inquisition and relgious persecution led to centralization Revolt of the Spanish Netherlands They did not like a catholic gov’t Had England’s support Spanish Armada went to defeat them but ended up losing |
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Peter the great West serfs
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Peter the Great – Czar
Westernized russia after the Mongols Sea trade Against Ottomans Expansion and warfare Army, schools, Culture and education St. Petersburg Serfdom solidified Poll tax Social and economical reform (nobles) |
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Prussian army
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Army was always at peace
The best were in the army Junkers a rebel group came to head the army Militaristic authoritarian unified state Frederick II was the grand elector |
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Role in Trade Netherlands
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Role in trade: controlled vast region
DEIC and DWIC Const. democracy |
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England const. monarchy
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Constitutional monarchy- established after the Glorious Revolution
Charles I ruled w/o Parliament Long Parliament limited power |
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English civil war causes
players |
Parliment vs. King
Charles I was the king wanted to arrest members of Parliment Parliment had own army Irist revolt clergy, nobles, king vs. merchants, puritans, people |
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English civil war consequences
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commonwealth- group working for the common good
cromwell then dismissed commonwelath military dictatorship led to the Glorious Revolution |
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Glorious Revolution causes
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James II was a catholic
they did not want another catholic on the throne , but threated Parliment Parliment invited William and Mary to rule and set up a const. monarchy |
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Glorious Revolution consequences
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English Bill of Rights
Parlement as supreme const. monarchy |
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European Wars causes 1500-1789
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Dynastic rivalry , expansion, relgious reasons, political ( war of spanish inquistion, revolutions)
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Balance of Power Politics
War of Spanish Sucession |
The French had Philip II a Bourbon as heir to the throne.
The Grand Alliance against Spain and France fought against England/Holland/Austria Hapsburgs |
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Treaty of Utrect
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France and Spain can never be united
Philip V did become king France lost territory to England England gained access to slave trade declined Spain's power and ended French expansion |
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Economics and Trade
reasons for growth |
Global Trade Network
mercantilism colonies |
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Dominant trading rivals
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Dutch vs. Spain
English vs. French |
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Scientific Revolution
causes |
Renaissance discovery and exploration
new discoveries contradict the bible medical science tradition progress in tech, policies, and humanity |
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Scientific Revolution
impact |
the Enlightenment
advancement in knowledge of surroundings |
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scientific method
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proc. for gathering info and testing ideas
based on reason |
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Deism
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belief that God created life but stepped back away from it
believed in God not the church |
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Galileo
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agreed w/ Coperncius
astronomy clash w/ Church |
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Coperncius
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heliocentric theory
Copercian model |
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Consequences of Scientific revolutions
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enlightenment and reforms
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Enlightenment beliefs
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reason
humanism humanists came to realize they could be better than the past |
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John Locke natural rights
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life, liberty, property
can overthrow gov't |
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John Locke social contract
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people had contract w/ gov't
can overthrow gov't |
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Enlightened despots
Catherine the Great of Russia |
importing architects, muscians, intellectuals
restricted cruel punishment of serfdom free education, and also sought the advice of nobles and peasants in the running of government |
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Enlightened despot
Frederick II of Prussia |
use of new crops
new planting methods and technology (crop rotation) inc. relgious tolerance laws simplified intorlent of jews |
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Enlighted despot
Joseph II of Austria |
abolished serfdom and allowed them to own land
taxed equally religious freedom |
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Liberalism
definition |
philosophy or movement that has as its aim the development of individual freedom
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liberalism values
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change existing order
Classical liberalism drew upon the ideals of the Enlightenment and the doctrines of liberty supported in the American and French revolutions. natural laws should govern society |
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French Revolution Causes Economic
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Poor harvests
no money in treasury unemployment "taxes" |
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French Revo. causes social
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3 estates and their hostility
first 2 estates struggle not to lose their power tax burden on the 3rd estate |
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French Revo. causes political
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3rd estate did not have any power in gov't
Estate General - 3 estates 2 estate agreement to pass laws weak out of touch monarchy complex state unequal distribution of right and power |
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French Revo. causes American Revolution
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French aid. Americans: "our rights are being violated"
Declaration protest against tyraniccal gov't |
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French Revo. causes Enlightenment
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Locke, Voltaire, Rosseu
social contract- right to overthrow gov't natural rights of every man cannot be taken away English, Dutch and American |
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Storming of the Bastille
(symbollic) |
getting rid of the monarchy
monarchy had prisoners and arbitary punishment Paris mob attack Bastille (beginning of the French Revolution) |
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National Assembly
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created by the 3rd estate
the Tennis Court Oath - write constitution king accepted - constitutional monarchy women had more rights enacted reforms- clergy and nobles paid taxes |
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Reign of Terror
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countless executed for tyranny and mnay prisoned ; enemies of the state
after discovered treason of Louis the king committe of public safety |
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Robespierre (Republic stage)
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committe of public safety
made sure foreign invasion and domestic protestors squashed |
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Directory
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oligarchy of 5 members later Napolean takes over
ended the revolution sought French expansion, lessened the amount of unemployed began to rule dictorially until Napolean overthrows directory |
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Consequences of French Revo.
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ended fuedalism
priveliges of the 1/2 estates declaration of rights of man limited monarchy stays challenged the idea of divine right to rule demo. gov't and social equality |
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Napolean: Domestic Accomplishments
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peasant gains confirmed
amnesty to nobles national educations religious tolerance ended free press, speech and elections civil code 1804= equality middle class abolished birth privileges govt officials = merit gave men control over wives |
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Relationship w/ Britain
Napolean ` |
strained wanted to capture English to rule europe and trade
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Continental system
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economic war w/ "nation of shopkeepers"
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Battle of Trafalgar
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fight w/ the British navy lost to them The decisive English victory ended Napoleon I's power on the sea and made a French invasion of England impossible
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Invasion of Russia
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Russians used field burning to end French invasion
French went to Moscow deserted tired scorched earth bad winter many died |
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Battle of Waterloo
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Napolean 2nd attempt after escaping but lost British and Prussians defeated the French under Napoleon Bonaparte
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Earth Coalition
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Russia, Prussia, Austria, GB
defead French army and take Paris Napolean abdicated |
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Effect on Other countries after French revo.
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France becomes const. monaryc again
Napolean empire ended Napleonic codes in France intro. of French Revo. ideas to rest of Europe sold Louisiana Territory to US weakened Spain so much |
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Legislative Assembly
(Frenchy) |
deals w/ foreign invasion and conservative monarchies
suspended constitution |
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National Convention in France
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abolished monarchy
codified laws execution of King export revo. ideals created comm. of pub. safety and directory |