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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Indians |
Misnomer created by Columbus referring to indigenous peoples of New World; implies social and ethnic commonality among Native Americans that did not exist; still used to apply to Native Americans. |
Referring |
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Toltec culture |
Succeeded Teotihuacan culture in central Mexico; strongly militaristic ethic including human sacrifice; influenced large territory after 1000 c.e.; declined after 1200 c.e. |
Succeeded |
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Topiltzin |
Religious leader and reformer of the Toltecs in 10th century; dedicated to god Quetzalcoatl; after losing struggle for power, went into exile in the Yucatan peninsula. |
Quetzalcoatl |
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Quetzalcoatl |
Toltec deity; Feathered Serpent; adopted by Aztecs as a major god. |
Aztecs |
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Tenochtitlan |
Founded c. 1325 on marshy island in Lake Texcoco; became center of Aztec power; joined with Tlacopan and Texcoco in 1434 to form a triple alliance that controlled most of central plateau of Mesoamerica. |
Center |
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Tlaloc |
Major god of Aztecs; associated with fertility and the agricultural cycle; god of rain |
Rain |
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Huitzilopochtli |
Aztec tribal patron god; central figure of cult of human sacrifice and warfare; identified with old sun god. |
Cult |
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Nezhualcoyotl |
Leading Aztec king of the 15th century |
15th century |
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Chinampas |
Beds of aquatic weeds, mud, and earth placed in frames made of cane and rooted in lakes to create "floating islands"; system of irrigated agriculture by Aztecs. |
Floating Islands |
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Pochteca |
Merchant class in Aztec society; specialized in long-distance trade in luxury items. |
Luxury |
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Calpulli |
Clans in Aztec society, later expanded to include residential groups that distributed land and provided labor and warriors. |
Provided |
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Pachacuti |
Ruler of Inca society from 1438 to 1471; launched a series of military campaigns that gave Incas control of the region from Cuzco to the shores of Lake Titicaca. |
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7IxZHtu09UY (trust me) |
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Ayllus |
Households in Andean societies that recognized in Andean societies that recognized some form of kinship; traced descent from some common, sometimes mythical ancestor. |
Kinship |
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Twantinsuyu |
Word for Inca empire; region from present-day Colombia to Chile and eastward to northern Argentina. |
Inca |
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Split Inheritance |
Inca practice of descent; all titles and political power went to successor, but wealth and land remained in hands of male descendants for support of cult of dead Inca's mummy. |
descendants |
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Temple of the Sun |
Inca religious center located at Cuzco; center of state religion; held mummies of past Incas. |
Mummies |
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Tambos |
Way stations used by Incas as inns and storehouses; supply centers for Inca armies on the move; relay points for system of runners used to carry messages. |
Supply |
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Mita |
Labor extracted for lands assigned to the state and the religion; all communities were expected to contribute; an essential aspect of Inca imperial control. |
Contribute |
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Inca socialism |
A view created by Spanish authors to describe Inca society as a type of utopia; image of the Inca empire as a carefully organized system in which every community collectively contributed to the whole. |
Utopia |
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Yanas |
A class of people within Inca society removed from their ayllus to serve permanently as servants, artisans, or workers for the Inca or the Inca nobility. |
Serve |
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Quipu |
System of knotted strings utilized by the Incas in place of a writing system; could contain numerical and other types of information for censuses and financial records. |
Strings |
