Ap World Hist. Era 4

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seven years war/ french and indian war

Back 1

A war (1756–63) that ranged Britain, Prussia, and Hanover against Austria, France, Russia, Saxony, Sweden, and Spain.

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declaration of independence

Back 2

A document declaring the US to be independent of the British Crown, signed on July 4, 1776, by the congressional representatives of the Thirteen Colonies

Front 3

u.s. constitution

Back 3

United States Constitution: the constitution written at the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia in 1787 and subsequently ratified by the original thirteen states

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estates general/national assembly

Back 4

The elected legislature in France during the first part of the French Revolution, 1789–91

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guilotine

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A machine with a heavy blade sliding vertically in grooves, used for beheading people

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"cult of reason"

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The Cult of Reason (Culte de la Raison) was a creed based on atheism devised during the French Revolution by Jacques Hébert, Pierre Gaspard Chaumette and their supporters and intended as a replacement for Christianity.

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napoleon

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A gold twenty-franc French coin minted during the reign of Napoleon I

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waterloo

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a town in central Belgium where in 1815 Napoleon met his final defeat

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gens de couleur

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Gens de couleur is a French term meaning "people of color." This is often a short form of gens de couleur libres ("free people of color").

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boukman

Back 10

Dutty Boukman (Boukman Dutty) (died ca. 1791) was a Jamaican born houngan, or Haitian priest who conducted a religious ceremony in Haiti in which a freedom covenant was affirmed; this ceremony is considered a catalyst to the slave uprising that marked the beginning of the Haïtian Revolution

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penisulares, creoles

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In the colonial caste system of Spanish America, a peninsular was a Spanish-born Spaniard or mainland Spaniard residing in the New World, as opposed to a person of full Spanish descent born in the Americas (known as criollos).

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simon bolivar

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Bolivar: Venezuelan statesman who led the revolt of South American colonies against Spanish rule; founded Bolivia in 1825 (1783-1830).

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jamaican letter

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The Carta de Jamaica (Letter from Jamaica) was written by Simón Bolívar in response to a letter from Henry Cullen, in which he put forward the reasons that caused the fall of the Second Republic of Venezuela within the context of the independence of the nation

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caudilos

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(in Spanish-speaking regions) A military or political leader

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lopez de santa anna

Back 15

Antonio de Padua María Severino López de Santa Anna y Pérez de Lebrón (21 February 1794 – 21 June 1876), often known as Santa Anna or López de Santa Anna, was a Mexican political leader, general and President who greatly influenced early Mexican and Spanish politics and government

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zionism

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A movement for (originally) the reestablishment and (now) the development and protection of a Jewish nation in Israel. It was established as a political organization in 1897 under Theodor Herzl, and was later led by Chaim Weizmann.

Front 17

garibaldi

Back 17

A woman's or children's loose blouse, originally bright red in imitation of the shirts worn by Garibaldi and his followers.

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lincoln

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The capital of Nebraska, in the southeastern part of the state; pop. 225,581

Front 19

emancipation proclamation

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The announcement made by President Lincoln during the Civil War on September 22, 1862, emancipating all slaves in states still engaged in rebellion against the Union

Front 20

british north america act

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The British North America Acts 1867-1975 are the original names of a series of Acts at the core of the constitution of Canada. They were enacted by the Parliament of the United Kingdom and the Parliament of Canada

Front 21

john macdonald

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John Macdonald may refer to: *John MacDonald II or John of Islay, Earl of Ross (1434–1503), last Lord of the Isles, Scotland *John Macdonald, Lord Kingsburgh (1836–1919), Scottish politician and later a judge *

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watt's steam engine

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The Watt steam engine (alternatively known as the Boulton and Watt steam engine) was the first type of steam engine to make use of steam at a pressure just above atmospheric to drive the piston helped by a partial vacuum.

Front 23

luddities

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A member of any of the bands of English workers who destroyed machinery, esp. in cotton and woolen mills, that they believed was threatening their jobs (1811–16).

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capitalism

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An economic and political system in which a country's trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit.

Front 25

eli whitney

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Whitney: United States inventor of the mechanical cotton gin (1765-1825).

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monopolies

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The exclusive possession or control of the supply or trade in a commodity or service.

Front 27

the demographic transition

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The "Demographic Transition" is a model that describes population change over time.

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utopian socialists

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Utopian socialism is a term used to define the first currents of modern socialist thought. Although it is technically possible for any set of ideas or any person living at any time in history to be a Utopian socialist, the term is most often applied to those socialists who lived in the first

Front 29

witte

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Witte is a surname and may refer to: * Alfred Witte (1878-1941), German astrologer * Edwin E. Witte (1887-1960), "father of social security" * Emanuel de Witte (1617–1691), Dutch perspective painter * Erich Witte (1911–2008), German tenor * Gaspar de Witte (1624-1681), a Flemish painter of the

Front 30

golondrinas

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Golondrinas or Golondrina, Spanish for swallows, may refer to

Front 31

capitulations

Back 31

The action of surrendering or ceasing to resist an opponent or demand.

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mahmud II

Back 32

Mahmud II (Ottoman Turkish: محمود ثاني Mahmud-ı sānī) (20 July 1785 1 July 1839) was the 30th Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1808 until his death in 1839. He was born at Topkapi Palace, Constantinople, the son of Sultan Abdul Hamid I.

Front 33

young ottomans

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The Young Ottomans were a secret organization of Ottoman nationalist intellectuals formed in 1865, influenced by such Western thinkers as Montesquieu and Rousseau and the French Revolution. They developed the concept of Ottomanism, aligned with these thinkers

Front 34

constitution of 1876

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The Constitution of the State of Texas is the document that describes the structure and function of the government of the U.S. State of Texas.

Front 35

alexander III

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son of Alexander II who was czar of Russia (1845-1894).

Front 36

crimean war

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A war (1853–56) in which an alliance of Great Britain, France, Sardinia, and Turkey defeated Russia

Front 37

emancipation

Back 37

The announcement made by President Lincoln during the Civil War on September 22, 1862, emancipating all slaves in states still engaged in rebellion against the Union

Front 38

sergei witte

Back 38

Count Sergei Yulyevich Witte (Сергей Юльевич Витте, Sergey Yul'evich Vitte) (29 June 1849 - 13 March 1915), also known as Sergius Witte, was a highly influential policy-maker who presided over extensive industrialization within the Russian Empire. He served under the last two emperors of Russia

Front 39

rosso- japanese war

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A war between the Russian empire and Japan in 1904–05, caused by territorial disputes in Manchuria and Korea. Russia suffered a series of humiliating defeats, and the peace settlement gave Japan the ascendancy in the disputed region

Front 40

duma

Back 40

A legislative body in the ruling assembly of Russia and of some other republics of the former USSR.

Front 41

opium war

Back 41

The Opium Wars , also known as the Anglo-Chinese Wars, were the climax of trade disputes and diplomatic difficulties between China under the Qing Dynasty and the British Empire after China sought to restrict British opium traffickers

Front 42

unequal treaties

Back 42

Unequal Treaties is a term used in reference to the type of treaties signed by several East Asian states, including Qing Dynasty China, late Tokugawa Japan, and late Joseon Korea, with Western powers and the post-Meiji Restoration Empire of Japan, during the 19th and early 20th centuries.

Front 43

tributary empire

Back 43

An empire made from a tribe. Just like it says. The Mexica (Aztecs) were one.
Another great example is Qing China.

Front 44

hong xiuquan

Back 44

Hóng Xiùquán (; 1 January 1814 - 1 June 1864), born Hong Renkun (洪仁坤), courtesy name Huoxiu (火秀), was a Hakka Chinese who led the Taiping Rebellion against the Qing Dynasty, establishing the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom over varying portions of southern China, with himself as the "Heavenly King" and

Front 45

empress cixi

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Empress Dowager Cixi1 (29 November 1835 – 15 November 1908), of the Manchu Yehe Nara Clan, was a powerful and charismatic figure who became the de facto ruler of the Manchu Qing Dynasty in China for 48 years from 1861 to her death in 1908..

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admiral perry

Back 46

?

Front 47

bakufu

Back 47

Bakufu - ' (literally, "a commander of a force") is a military rank and historical title for (in most cases) hereditary military dictator of Japan. The modern rank is equivalent to a Generalissimo

Front 48

imperial diet

Back 48

Imperial Diet means the highest representative assembly in an empire, notably: the historic institution of the Reichstag, either the estates (ranking noble

Front 49

henry ford

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Ford: United States manufacturer of automobiles who pioneered mass production (1863-1947).

Front 50

adam smith

Back 50

Smith: Scottish economist who advocated private enterprise and free trade (1723-1790).

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zaibatsu

Back 51

?

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meiji reforms

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tokugawa

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Front 54

boxer rebellion

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Front 55

hong kong

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bloody sunday

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pogroms/

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Front 58

janissaries

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Front 59

adam smith/

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corporation

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