Ap Vocab 1/8/9/11/12

Front 1

break of bulk point

Back 1

a location where transfer is possible from One mode of transportation to another

Front 2

bulk gaining industry

Back 2

industry in which the final product weighs more or comprises a larger volume than the inputs

Front 3

bulk reducing industry

Back 3

industry in which the final product weighs less than input

Front 4

fordist production

Back 4

form of mass production in which each worker is assigned one specific task to preform repeatedly

Front 5

cottage industry

Back 5

manufacturing in homes before industrial revolution

Front 6

industrial revolution

Back 6

improvements in industry and manufacturing goods

Front 7

maquiladora

Back 7

US company factories by US border to take advantage of cheap Mexican labor

Front 8

new international division of labor

Back 8

transfer of low paying less skilled jobs from more developed to less developed

Front 9

outsourcing

Back 9

corporation puts production responsiblity on independent suppliers

Front 10

post fordist production

Back 10

flexible work rules, putting workers in teams to do variety of tasks

Front 11

right to work state

Back 11

law in states that prevents workers having to join a union to be employed

Front 12

site factors

Back 12

location factors related to costs

Front 13

situation factors

Back 13

location factors related to transport out of factory

Front 14

textile

Back 14

fabric

Front 15

basic industry

Back 15

sell products outside of settlement

Front 16

business services

Back 16

services meet needs of other businesses professional financial transport

Front 17

central place

Back 17

market center for services to people from surrounded area

Front 18

central place theory

Back 18

distribution of services

Front 19

city state

Back 19

sovereign state of city and immediate hinterland

Front 20

clustered rural settlement

Back 20

rural houses close fields around settlement

Front 21

consumer services

Back 21

provide services to individual consumers

Front 22

dispersed rural settlement

Back 22

isolated farms

Front 23

economic base

Back 23

communitys basic industries

Front 24

enclosure movement

Back 24

process of consolidation of small landholdings into smaller number of larger farms in England during 18th

Front 25

gravity model

Back 25

model that holds that the potential use of a service at a particular location is directly related to the number of people in a location and inversely related to distance of people must travel

Front 26

market area/hinterland

Back 26

area surrounding central place from which people are attracted to goods services

Front 27

nonbasic industries

Back 27

sell products community

Front 28

primate city

Back 28

largest settlement in a country, if has two times more than second ranking

Front 29

primate city rule

Back 29

pattern of settlements in countries so that largest is primate

Front 30

public services

Back 30

security services by government

Front 31

range of service

Back 31

Max distance people willing to travel

Front 32

rank size rule

Back 32

pattern of settlements so that the nth largest settlement is 1/n the population of the largest settlement

Front 33

service

Back 33

activity that fulfills human want or need

Front 34

settlement

Back 34

permanent buildings and people

Front 35

threshold

Back 35

min number people needed for support

Front 36

urbanization

Back 36

increase of people in urban

Front 37

development

Back 37

process of improvement in the material conditions if people through diffusion of knowledge and technology

Front 38

fair trade

Back 38

alternative to international trade that emphasizes small businesses and worker owned and democratically run cooperatives and requires employers to pay workers fair wages, permit union organizing, and comply w minimum environmental and safety standards

Front 39

foreign direct investment (fdi)

Back 39

investment made by a foreign company in the economy of another country

Front 40

gender empowerment measure (gem)

Back 40

compares ability of women and men to participate in economic and political decision making

Front 41

gender-related development index (gdi)

Back 41

compares level of development of women w that if both sexes

Front 42

gross domestic product (gdi)

Back 42

total value of output of goods and services produced in a country in a given time period (one year )

Front 43

human development index (hdi)

Back 43

indicator of level of development for each country, made by UN, combining income, literacy, education, life expectancy

Front 44

less developed country

Back 44

in early stage of development

Front 45

literacy rate

Back 45

the percentage of a countries people who can read and write

Front 46

millennium development goals

Back 46

eight international development goals by UN for 2015

Front 47

mdc

Back 47

more developed

Front 48

primary sector

Back 48

deals w materials and raw materials things from earth's surface agriculture

Front 49

productivity

Back 49

value of particular product compared to amount of labor needed

Front 50

secondary sector

Back 50

deals w processing and manufacturing

Front 51

structural adjustment program

Back 51

LDC encourage raised taxes less government spending control inflation

Front 52

tertiary sector

Back 52

transport and services

Front 53

transnational corporations

Back 53

company has stuff everywhere, not just near head quarters

Front 54

agricultural density

Back 54

ratio of the number of farmers to the total amount of land suitable for agriculture

Front 55

arithmetic density

Back 55

total number of people divided by total land area

Front 56

base line

Back 56

east-west line designated under the Land of Ordinance of 1785 to facilitate the surveying and numbering of townships in the United States

Front 57

cartography

Back 57

the science of making maps

Front 58

concentration

Back 58

the spread of something over a given area

Front 59

connections

Back 59

relationships among people and objects across the barrier of space

Front 60

contagious diffusion

Back 60

rapid widespread diffusion ofba feature of trend throughout a population

Front 61

cultural ecology

Back 61

geographic approach that emphasizes human-environment relationships

Front 62

cultural landscape

Back 62

fashioning of a natural landscape by a cultural group

Front 63

culture

Back 63

body of customary beliefs, social forms, and material traits that together constitute a groups distinct tradition

Front 64

density

Back 64

the frequency with which something exists in a given unit of area

Front 65

diffusion

Back 65

process of a spread of a trend of feature from One place to another over time

Front 66

distance decay

Back 66

diminishing in importance and eventual disappearance of a phenomenon with increasing distance from its origin

Front 67

distribution

Back 67

arrangement of something across earth's surface

Front 68

environmental determinism

Back 68

19th and early 20th century approyto the study of geography which argued fat the general laws sought by human geographers could be found in the physical sciences. geography was therefore the study of how the physical environment caused human activities

Front 69

expansion diffusion

Back 69

the spread of a feature of trend among people from one area to another in a snowballing process

Front 70

formal region (or uniform or homogeneous region)

Back 70

area in which everyone shares in one or more distinctive characteristics

Front 71

functional region (or nodal region)

Back 71

area organized around a node or focal point

Front 72

geographic information system (gis)

Back 72

computer system that stores, organizes, analyzes and displays geographic data

Front 73

global positioning system (GPS)

Back 73

system that determines precise position of something in earth through satellite tracking stations and receivers

Front 74

globalization

Back 74

actions or processes that involve the entire world and result in making something world wide in scope

Front 75

Greenwich mean time (gmt)

Back 75

the time in that zone encompassing the prime meridian, or 0 longitude

Front 76

hearth

Back 76

region from which ideas originate

Front 77

hierarchical diffusion

Back 77

one key node of authority or power to other persons or places

Front 78

international date line

Back 78

arc that follows 180 longitude, when you cross it east, clock moves back 24 hours, when you cross it west, calendar goes ahead one day

Front 79

land ordinance of 1785

Back 79

law that divided US into townships to facilitate the sale of land to settlers

Front 80

latitude

Back 80

measures parallels to north and south of the equator

Front 81

location

Back 81

the position of anything on earth's surface

Front 82

longitude

Back 82

up and down

Front 83

meridian

Back 83

arc drawn on map between north and south poles

Front 84

parallel

Back 84

circle drawn around globe parallel to the equator at right angles to meridians

Front 85

pattern

Back 85

the geometric or regular arrangement of something in a study area

Front 86

physiological density

Back 86

number of people per unit of area of arable land (land suitable for agriculture)

Front 87

place

Back 87

specific point on earth distinguished by a particular character

Front 88

polder

Back 88

land created by Dutch by draining water from an area

Front 89

possibilism

Back 89

land limits humans humans find way around it

Front 90

prime meridian

Back 90

meridian at 0 longitude pass through Greenwich england

Front 91

principal meridian

Back 91

north-south line designated in the LO of 1785 to facilitate the surveying and numbering of townships in the United States

Front 92

region

Back 92

area distinguished by unique combo of trends or features

Front 93

relocation diffusion

Back 93

spread through bodily movement from One place to another

Front 94

resource

Back 94

substance in environment that is useful to people

Front 95

scale

Back 95

relationship of a portion of earth to the rest of earth

Front 96

site

Back 96

physical characteristics of a place

Front 97

situation

Back 97

location of a place relative to another place

Front 98

space

Back 98

gap or physical interval between two objects

Front 99

space-time compression

Back 99

reduction of time it takes for something to diffuse to far away as a result of improvement in transport and communications

Front 100

township

Back 100

square normally 6 miles on a side, LO of 1785

Front 101

transnational corporation

Back 101

company that conducts things in countries other than where headquarters located

Front 102

uneven development

Back 102

increasing gap in economic conditions between core and peripheral regions and a result of the globalization of the economy

Front 103

vernacular region

Back 103

area that people believe to exist as part of their cultural identity

Front 104

balance of power

Back 104

condition of roughly equal strength between opposing countries it alliances of countries

Front 105

boundary

Back 105

invisible line that marks the extent of a states territory

Front 106

city-state

Back 106

sovereign state city and immediate hinterland

Front 107

colonialism

Back 107

attempt by one country to establish and impose it's principals on another country

Front 108

colony

Back 108

territory tied to sovereign state

Front 109

compact state

Back 109

state in which the distance from the center to any boundary does not vary significantly

Front 110

elongated state

Back 110

state w long narrow shape

Front 111

federal state

Back 111

power to local

Front 112

fragmented state

Back 112

state includes several discontinued pieces of territory

Front 113

frontier

Back 113

zone separating two states in which neither state exercises political control

Front 114

gerrymandering

Back 114

process of redrawing legislative boundaries for the purpose of benefiting the party in power

Front 115

imperialism

Back 115

control of territory already occupied and organized by an indigenous group

Front 116

landlocked state

Back 116

state w no sides touching sea

Front 117

microstate

Back 117

state that encompasses very small land area

Front 118

perforated state

Back 118

state that completely surrounds other state

Front 119

prorupted state

Back 119

otherwise compact state w large projecting extension

Front 120

sovereignty

Back 120

ability of a state to govern it'd territory free from control of its internal affairs by other states

Front 121

state

Back 121

an area organized into a political unit and ruled by an established government w control over it'd internal and foreign affairs

Front 122

unitary state

Back 122

power to central Gov

Front 123

demographic transition

Back 123

transition of high birth and death rates to low birth and death rated as a country develops from pre industry to an industrial economic system