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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Evangelism
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Christianity Based on emotionalism and spirituality. Zealous preaching and dissemination of the gospel, as through missionary work.
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Indentured Servitude
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The Virginia Company devised the system of indentured servitude in the late 1610s to finance the recruitment and transport of workers from England to the colony. Those unable to afford an Atlantic passage could "borrow" the needed funds. In return for their passage, maintenance during their service, and certain "freedom dues" at the end of the term, servants signed contracts or
"indentures" to work for their masters for a fixed number of years. Servitude played a major role in the settlement of the colonies. During the colonial era, some 200,000 to 300,000 servants came to British mainland North America, accounting for one-half to two-thirds of all European immigrants. |
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Joint-Stock Company
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A joint stock company is a type of business partnership in which the capital is formed by the individual contributions of a group of shareholders. Certificates of ownership or stocks are issued by the company in return for each contribution, and the shareholders are free to transfer their ownership interest at any time by selling their stockholding to others.
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Mercantilism
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An economic doctrine that flourished in Europe from the sixteenth to the eighteenth centuries. Mercantilists held that a nation's wealth consisted primarily in the amount of gold and silver in its treasury. Accordingly, mercantilist governments imposed extensive restrictions on their economies to ensure a surplus of exports over imports. In the eighteenth century, mercantilism was challenged by the doctrine of laissez-faire.
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Middle Passage
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The Middle Passage Atlantic slave trade transported African people from Africa to markets in North America, South America and the Caribbean (The Americas). It was called the Middle Passage because the slave trade was a form of Triangular trade; ships left Europe for African markets, sailed to Africa where the goods were sold or traded for people in the African slave markets, then sailed to the Americas and Caribbean (West Indies) where the Africans were sold or traded for goods for European markets, and then returned to Europe.
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Proprietary Colony
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colony owned by one person , who usually recieved the land as a gift from the king
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Royal Colony
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The king Owned the colonies and could exert greater control over its governments than a proprietary colony.
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Salutary Neglect
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The term "salutary neglect" refers to the English policy of interfering very little in colonial affairs from about 1690 to 1760. During these years the colonists were given a good deal of autonomy in local matters, and the English king and parliament rarely legislated constraints of any kind. In turn, the colonists supported England. At the end of the Seven Year's War, England began to assert more control over the American colonists, levying taxes and trade regulations, to the objection of the colonists.
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Tariffs
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A tariff is a tax or duty imposed by one nation on the imported goods or services of another nation.
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Bacon's Rebellion
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Took place on Virgina's western fronteir in 1670s. Sir William Berkeley (royal governor) crrated tension between the original settlers of the Tidwater region and the more recent "backcountry" settlers. The backcounty settlers had settled in native Americna territory putting themselves in great danger. The settlers soon believed that the gov. was not making a good enough effort to protect them and that the gov. was using them as a "human sheild" to protect wealtheir colonists in the east. Nathaniel Bacon rallied the settlers to attack both the Doegs and the Susquehannocks and then the colonial governor. They Marched on Jamestown and burned it to the ground. after bacon died of dysentery, the rebellion disolved.
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Glorious Revolution (In England)
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In England's bloodless Glorious Revolution of 1688, James II was overthrown, and Parliament replaced him with his daughter Mary and her husband, William of Orange. American colonists greeted the news with enthusiasm because James II had sought to check the growing American trend toward self-governance. Besides using the Navigation Acts to reduce colonial economic independence, he had revoked many privileges granted in the early colonial charters. The chief target of this "reform" was Puritan New England, which had refused to allow freedom of religion and had enacted many laws that conflicted with English practice. In 1686 all the colonies from New Jersey to Maine had been incorporated into the Dominion of New England with the autocratic Sir Edmund Andros as governor.
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Great Awakening
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religious revivalism between 1730s-1760s. 2 leaders:
Jonathan Edwards, George Whitefeild |
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Great Migration
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an exodus of English men, women, and children to North America that lasted for ten years. Of the eighty thousand who left England between 1630 and 1640, approximately twenty thousand sailed to New England. The other emigrants sailed to the Chesapeake Bay region, the West Indies, and other areas.
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King Philip's War
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Chief of the Wampanoags, Metacom (King Philip) united many tribes in S. New England against Eng. Settlers.
(1675-1676) War. Colonists won killing Metacom and ending most resistance from New England Natives. |
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New England Confederation
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1643 Plymoth, Massachusetts Bay, Connecticut and New Haven formed a military alliance.
Had limited powers to act on boundary disputes the return of runaway servants, and natives |
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King William's War
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War against French and Native Americans on Canadian border
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Pequot War
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The Pequot War was an armed conflict in 1637 between an alliance of Massachusetts Bay and Plymouth colonies, with American Indian allies (the Narragansett, and Mohican Indians), against the Pequot Indians. This war saw the elimination of the Pequot as a viable polity in what is present-day southern New England.
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The Starving Time
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Starving Time is the term applied to the winter of 1609–1610 at the Jamestown settlement. By spring 1610, only 60 of the 215 settlers remained alive. Research by the Jamestown Recovery Project, which began in 1994, indicates a severe drought in 1609 caused crop failures and poor harvests. Indian depredations and disease also contributed to the deaths. The arrival of a supply fleet in May 1610 saved the colony. The term has also been applied to the Plymouth Colony in spring 1622.
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Stono Uprising
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the first and one of the most succesful slave rebellions. Sept 1739, 20 slaves met near Stono River outside Charleston SC. They Stole Guns + ammunition, killed storekeepers +planters, and liberated many slaves.
Fled To florida but where captured and executed. |
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Absolutists
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governments power is dirived from God
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Congregationalists
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Puritans who wanted to reform the Anglican (English) Church from within.
(opposite Separatists) |
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Jonathan Edwards
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great Awakening preacher
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Benjamin Franklin
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a)Wrote "Poor richard's Almanack"
b) pioneering work with electricty c) founded 1st pub. library and fire department d) stressed education gov., and religion |
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Powhatans
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local tribe to the jamestown settlement that taught the ment:
a) What Crops to Grow b) how to plant them |
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Sir Walter Raleigh
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Was sponser for Roanoke Settlement
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Separatists
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A Puritan group that because they were so appalled by the corruption of the English Church they decided that they had to abandon it.
(separation from English Church) |
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George Whitefeild
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A Great Awakening preacher who taught a christianity based on spiriutality and emotionalism.
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Roger Williams
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Roger: Teacher in the Salem Bay Settlement taught a # of controversial principles (church and State Should be seperate)
he Was banished to rhode island where he started a new colony |
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Charter Colony
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Charter colonies were promoted through private enterprise under charters from the crown. Generally, they were established by groups of settlers who were granted charters by the king and had more control over their own affairs than did the other types of colonies, which were ruled more directly by the British. They were founded by trading companies
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The Chesapeake
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Today mostly compromised of Modern day Virigina and Maryland.
Name of the settlements that sprung up around Jamestown after its success. |
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Massachusetts Bay Colony
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It was settled in 1630 by a group of 1,000 Puritan refugees from England (see Puritanism). In 1629 the Massachusetts Bay Co. had obtained an English charter allowing it to trade and colonize in New England. Puritan stockholders envisioned the colony as a refuge from religious persecution in England, and they transferred control of the company to the emigrants in Massachusetts. Led by John Winthrop
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New England
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Society Centered on Trade
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Dominion of New England
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English government attempt to clamp down illegal trade in the colonies
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Fundamental Orders of connecticut
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The orders describe the government set up by the Connecticut River towns, setting its structure and powers. It has the features of a written constitution, and thus earned Connecticut its nickname of The Constitution State.
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Halfway Covenant
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This changed the rules governing purtian baptisims.
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Maryland Toleration Act
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passed in 1649 by the colonial assembly of the Province of Maryland mandating religious toleration of all Christian denominations.
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Navigation Acts
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required the use of English or colonial ships to carry English trade. The laws were designed to encourage English shipbuilding and restrict trade competition from England's commercial rivals, especially the Dutch.
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Lower south
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(The Carolinas) focused on chas crops (tabacco)
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