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64 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Fredrick Jackson Turner
"The Significance of the Frontier in American History" |
American Character: American geography creates a new person |
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Precambrian Era |
550 billion years ago US covered in Oceans Proven by salt beds in Michigan; Mine Salt for immigrants |
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Cambrian Period |
Explosion of life; Sea life |
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Ordovician Period |
Little Development More Life First Land Animal |
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Devonian Period |
Generates Fossils |
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Carboniferous Period |
Big plant life Higher level of oxygen; living things were able to become huge Pennsylvania; Andrew Carnegie finds fossils fuels by coal beds |
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Permian Period |
Climate Change Pangea Greatest Extinction End of Paleozoic |
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Mesozoic Era |
Dinosaurs |
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Paleolithic |
Old Stone Age Clovis; New Mexico |
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Neolithic Era |
New Stone Age Domestication Tools Development |
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Why would Europeans explore? |
Travelling across Atlantic Ocean is precarious. Bad boats. Only has to be done for good reasons |
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European Exploration Economic Stimulation |
Capitalism; Mercantilism (Profitable Trade) - Wealth cannot be generated; Must take it from a new place or someone else - Gain natural resources - Discover new areas; claim for their nation to benefit mother colony |
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European Exploration Political Stimulation |
Expansion (creates nationalism) To give Monarch power over more people; gain pride and glory for nation Develop modern nation states |
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European exploration Intellectual Stimulation |
Did the renaissance; they are curious now Humanism Enforced by Reformation |
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European Exploration Social Stimulation |
Religious freedom |
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European Exploration Individual Stimulation - The Three G's |
God – convert other people, be seen in good light by God Gold – gain wealth Glory – pride for your nation |
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European Exploration New Technology |
Compass astrolabe calculus maps ships |
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European Exploration Voyages of Discovery; Portugal |
- To get things from India and China, must cross Silk Road. Expensive, long. Middlemen jack up prices. Lose stuff, attacks. When it get to Italy, Italian merchants jack up prices again. - Prince Henry the Navigator - Bartholomew Diaz, can get around Africa - Vasco De Gama, first to get to India - Establish port cities to protect |
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European Exploration Voyages of Discovery; Spain |
Christopher Columbus - Go west, go straight to China/India - First land in san Salvador Conquistadores - Claim vast regions Cortez- defeat Aztec Pissarro- take out Inca |
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European Exploration Voyages of Discovery; France |
Champlain - St Lawrence - Quebec 1548 - Iroquois and Champlain get into battle |
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European Exploration Voyages of Discovery; Netherlands |
Henry Hudson, 1609, New Netherland-Dutch develop Fort Nassau, Fort Nuron |
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European Exploration Voyages of Discovery; Britain |
Drake - Pirate, attack Spanish ships to steal gold Gilbert - 1583- first attempt to colonize - Thought if they settle in newfoundland, same climate - All died Raleigh - 1587 -Further south, off the coast of NC -Virginia -Roanoke -Bc of conflict with Spanish, could not send relief efforts -When returned, vanished Queen Elizabeth I - Pushes for colonization - Build-up of English power - 1600-WWI naval domination English emigration - Why did England colonize -Enclosure movement - All common land to the king, peasant don’t have land Stuart dynasty wanted to nationalize -England was very rural Primogeniture -Eldest son gets the land London crowded -Not healthy Economic inflation Religious persecution -After Tudor dies, Stuart want Catholicism back. Protestant leave English Civil war -England was warfare |
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Virginia Politics |
Country Court Day; once a month social gathering Vestry County Court; Upper gentry meetings House of Burgessness; First Democratic Assembly in Jamestown 1619 |
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Colonial Systems of Government |
Politics were an elitist system in Virgina; these people were rich and authoritative |
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Three Levels of Gov't in the Colonies |
Provincial(State Level) -Colony level -Most important in colonies -Meant more to them than state politics today -----Taxed themselves Imperial Level -National level (British) -Mattered least to the colonies, did not care what the British did Local Level -Town or county -Important for everyday aspects -Village town meeting/ vestry county court is a direct democracy -Citizens are in control of the laws |
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Colonial Mercantilism |
Produce for mother country Navigation Acts; Laws to control Mercantilism Salutary Neglect; Allows the Colonies to not be completely controlled by England |
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Colonial Bi - Cameral Legislature |
House; Represent the People - Elective Body Council; Top Plantation Families - Rep. Upper Class (Senate) |
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Colonial Committees |
Bill has to be approved by committee before i can go to the house and senate |
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Voting in Virginia |
Freeholders; Had the right to vote; Male, 21+, White, has land - poor have no voice Elections; on County court day Treating the Voters; Bumbo; Dispense Alcohol |
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Colonial New England |
Not a theocracy ( church and gov't are separate) Must be a church member to vote |
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Mass Bay Colony |
Commonwealth The General Court; Governing Body Joint-Stock Company Selectmen; Those elected for one year term |
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Colonial Voting |
Town Meetings Direct Democracy; Citizens of towns were making their own decisions |
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“War and taxes as engines of political change” |
Why people wanted to get involved with politics King Phillips War; expensive war; taxes raised Trainband Politics; Elected officer who trains in militia |
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Virginia Ecomomics |
Plantations Subsistence Farming |
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New England Economics |
Good Economy Commercial Revolution; riding merchant middle class British Rivalries with France English Civil War Triangle trade |
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Causes for Salem Witch trials |
People leaving, rivalry, priest leaving, bad harvests Start to question things Predestination thus we have must have sinners among us Economic rivalries Breakdown of religious works Rising independent women |
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Puritain Faith |
Calvinist Orthodoxy Confessions of Faith Salvation The Bible |
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Puritain Marriage |
Like a contract; picked by parents, more of a civil ceremony than a religious ceremony |
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Puritain Religion Evolution |
Jonathan Edwards; Preacher for the great awakening (finding your salvation) united Church of Christ |
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In 1619, African slavery was introduced to the Southern colonies and in the Caribbean because: |
the tobacco plantations required a large labor force |
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The middle colonies had more diverse lifestyles than New England or the Southern colonies because they had a greater variety of: |
cultural groups |
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Characteristics of the New England colonies included all of the following EXCEPT: -formation of covenant communities -intolerance of religious beliefs differing from Puritanism -acquisitions of large land grants from the King of England -desire for economic opportunity as well as religious and political freedom. |
Choice 3 |
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The early colonists who worked for a specific number of years in exchange for their passage to America were called: |
indentured Servants |
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The main economic activities of the New England colonies were |
shipbuilding and fishing |
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The Great Awakening of the 18th Century was a(n) |
religious revival |
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Settlers of Virginia included all of the following EXCEPT ? -indentured servants seeking passage to the New World -small farmers and artisans settling in the Shenandoah Valley -Puritans seeking refuge from religious persecution from the Quakers -English nobility, known as "Cavaliers", provided with large land grants. |
Choice 3 |
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All of the following are TRUE concerning large landowners in the Eastern lowlands of Virginia EXCEPT ? - they dominated the colonial government and society in their region - they enjoyed a high social status due to their family heritage and ownership of land - they developed a community based on religious beliefs and Bible literacy - they maintained a strong allegiance to the Church of England and close social ties to England. |
choice 3 |
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The event which led to the growth of the Methodist and Baptist religions and which challenged the premise of an established church as well as the governmental order was |
The great awakening |
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What replaced the system of indentured servitude? |
Slavery |
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Which of the following was NOT a cash crop of the Southern Colonies? -Tobacco -Wheat -Rice -Indigo |
Wheat |
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In New England, the prevailing type of agriculture was |
Subsistence Farming |
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"Direct Democracy" is best illustrated by the |
New England Town Meetings |
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The PRIMARY purpose of the Sugar, Stamp, and Tea Acts was to help Parliaments to |
pay for the French and Indian War debts as well as British troops sent to protect the colonists |
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The British Act which prohibited colonial settlement west of the Appalachian Mountains because the region was too costly for the British to protect was the |
Proclamation Act |
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Examples of American protest against British policies included all of the following EXCEPT -the staging of the Boston Tea Party -the tarring and feathering of British custom officials -the formation of the First Continental Congress - - The deaths of several British officers during the Boston Massacre |
Choice Four |
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All of the following are true of George Washington during the American Revolution EXCEPT -he was appointed Commander-in-Chief of the Continental Army by the Second Continental Congress -he avoided any situation that threatened the destruction of the Continental Army -he led the Continental Army at the Battles of Lexington and Concord and Bunker Hill -He managed to keep the Continental Army intact even when defeat of the American cause seemed inevitable |
Choice 3 |
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Duel for North America; France |
Samuel Champlain; explorer Quebec; established by Sammy C^ Iroquois; hate french, side with english in French vs Indian war Canada Voyagers; Jesuits - convert Indians to Catholicism, La Salle - control Latin A., Louisiana- control N Orleans and Miss. R. |
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Duel for North America Britain vs. France |
Domination of Europe = Domination of North America |
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French Indian War 1754 - 1763 Timeline |
Ohio Valley; claimed by both nations, starts war George Washington; Virginia Malitia sent to defeat French in Ohio Valley; Build Brit defense there 7 Years War; European version of war Albany Plan of Union; Ben Franklin, Colonies most unite to defeat France General Braddock; get ambushed by french William Pitt; new prime minister, gain prussian allies Battle of Quebec; conquer french in Quebec General James Wolfe; killed as soon as brits win the battle of Quebec |
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What ends the French indian war |
Paris Treaty |
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Albany Plan of Union was with whom? and was the first attempt of what? |
Ben Franklin First attempt of Colonial unification |
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Effects of French Indian War |
Growing Friction between Colonies and England Building American Nationalism Land Expansion; Daniel Boone; west of Appalachians Pontiac Rebellion; indians try to stop westward expansion London Proclamation of 1763; "Colonists can't go west" Writs of Assistance; allowed Brits to board ships and confiscate goods |
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Route to Revolution |
Military experience Growing Independence Taxes/ Royal rule (a cause) Revolution in the air |
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who was the shortest lived presidency |
Harrison |
