A.p. U.s. History Chp.4

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Pontiac's Rebellion (1763)

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To test the British empirial policy Chief Pontiac led a major attack against colonial settlements on the western frontier.

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Proclamation of 1763

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Prohibited colonists from settling west of the Appalachian Mountains.

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Sugar Act (1764)

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Placed duties on foreign sugar and certain luxuries.Chief purpose was to raise money for the crown and a companion law also provide for stricter enforcement of the Navigation Acts to stop smuggling.

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Quatering Act (1765)

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required colonists to support food and living quaters for British soldiers stationed in the colonies.

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Stamp Act (1765)

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required that revenues stamps be placed on most printed paper in the colonies including all legal documents, newspapers, pamphlets, and advertisements.

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Patrick Henry

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Virginia lawyer who who stood up in the House of Burgesses to demand that the King's government rcognize the rights of all citizens.

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Stamp Act Congress

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Organized by James Otis,representative from nine colonies met in NY to form it.Only their own elected representatives had the legal authority to approve taxes.

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Sons and Daughters os LIberty

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a secret society organized for the purpose of intimidating tax agents.

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Declaratory Act (1766)

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Asserted that Parliament had the right to tax and make laws for the colonies "in all cases whatsoever."

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Townshend Acts (1767)

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requires that the revenues raised be used to pay crown offiicial in the colonies,thus making them independent of the colonial assemblies that had previously paid their salaries.

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Writs of Assisstance

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a general license to search anywhere.

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John Dickinson :Letters from a farmer in Pennsylvania

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Agreed that Parliament could regulate coomerce but argued that because duties were a form of taxation, they could not be levied on the colonies without the consent of their represnetative assemblies

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Samuel Adams

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wrote the Massachusetts Circular Letter and sent copies to every colonial legislature.

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James Otis

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wrote the Massachusetts Circular Letter and sent copies to every colonial legislature.

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Massachusetts Circular Letter

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Urged the various colonies to petition Parliament to repeal the Townshend Acts.

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Lord Frederick North

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New prime minister who urged PArliament to repeal the Townshend Acts because their effect was to damage trade and to generate only a disappointing amount of revenue.

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Boston Massacre (1770)

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Colonists harssed the guards near the customs house and the guards fired into the crowd killing five people.Thus John Adams called it the Boston Massacre which was used by colonist leaders to inflame anti-British feeling.

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Crispus Attucks

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An African American who was shot and killed during the Boston Massacre.

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Committees of Correspondence

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initiated by Samuel Adams which principal device was to spread the idea that British officials were deliberately conspiring angainst colonial liberties.

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Gaspee incident

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Colonists disguised themselves as Natives ordered the British crew ashore and then set fire to the ship.

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Tea Act (1773)

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Made the price of the company's tea-even with the tax included-cheaper than that of smuggled Dutch tea.

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Boston Tea Party (1773)

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Bostonian diguise themselves as Natives and boarded the British ships, and dumped 342 chests of tea into the harbor.

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Intolerable Acts

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known as the The Coercive Acts enacted by the British government laws given in retaliation on the Boston Tea Party.

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Coercive Acts (1774)

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The four Coercive Acts that directed mainly at punishing the people of Boston and Massachusetts and bringing the dissidents under control.

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Port Act

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Closed the port of Boston,prohibiting trade in and out of the habor until the destroyed tea was paid for.

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Massachusetts Government Act

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Reduced the power of the Massachusetts legislature while increasing the power of the royal governor.

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Administration of Justice Act

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Allowed the royal officials accused of crimes to be tried in England instead of in the colonies.

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Quatering Act

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one of the Coercive Acts. Expanded the Quatering Act to enable British troops to be quartered in private homes applied to all colonies.

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Quebec Act (1774)

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Law organizing the Canadian lands gained from France.

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Enlightenment

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American movement in literature and philosophy influced by 17th English philosopher and political thoerist, John Locke.

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French and Indian war

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fourth war between England and Frace which started in the colonies and then spread to Europe.Most decisive war.

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Geroge Washington

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commander of a small militia sent by the governor of Virginia to win control of the Ohio River Valley and in hope of stopping the French from completing work on Fort Duquesne.

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Edward Braddock

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(1755) led an expedition from Virginia which ended in a disastrous deteat.

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Albany Plan of Union (1754)

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provided for an intercolonial government and a system of recruiting troops and collectiing taxes from the various colonies for their common defense.

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Peace of Paris (1763)

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Allow Britain to extend their control of North America.They acquired both French Canda and Spanish Florida.

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salutary neglect

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Britain excerise little direct control over the colonies and had generally allowes its navigation laws regulating colonial trade to go unenforced.

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George 111; crown whigs

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George 111 and the Whig party pursued a colonial policy aimed at solving Britain's domestic financial problems.

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Rationalism

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A belief or theory that opinions and actions should be based on reason and knowledge rather than on religious belief or emotional response.

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Parliaments

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system of government in which the ministers of the executive branch get their democratic legitimacy from the legislature and are accountable to that body.

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Deism

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Belief in the existence of a supreme being, specifically of a creator who does not intervene in the universe

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John Locke

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17th century English philosopher and political theorist who influneced the American Enlightenment.

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Jean-Jacques Rousseau

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French philosopher,he ried to grasp an emotional and passionate side of man which he felt was left out of most previous philosophical thinking.