Ap U.s History Chapter 4 Vocab Words.

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French and Indian War

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It was the fourth war between England and France and most decisive war in the colonies. In Europe it was called the Seven Years War. Here the fighting actually began in the colonies then spread to Europe.Moreover, England and France now recognized the full importance of their colonies and shipped large numbers of troops overseas to North America.

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George Washington

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The governor of Virginia sent a small militia under his command. After gaining a small initial victory, his troops surrendered to a superior force of Frenchmen and their Native American allies.

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Edward Braddock

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In 1755 another expedition in Virginia ended in a disastrous defeat, as more than 2,000 British regulars and colonial troops were routed by a smaller force of French and Native Americans near Ft. Duquesne.

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Albany Plan of Union (1754)

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Developed by Benjamin Franklin it provided an intercolonial government and a system for recruiting troops and collecting taxes from the various colonies for their common defense.

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Peace of Paris (1763)

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Through it Great Britain acquired both French Canada and Spanish Florida. France ceded to Spain its huge western territory, Louisiana, and claims west of the Mississippi River in compensation for Spain's loss of Florida.

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salutary neglect

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Was an undocumented, though long-standing British policy of avoiding strict enforcement of parliamentary laws, meant to keep the American colonies obedient to Great Britain.

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George III; crown

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Was King of Great Britain and King of Ireland for October 25 1760 until the union of these two countries on January 1 1801, after which he was king of the U.K and Ireland until his death. He played a minor role in the wars against revolutionary and Napoleonic France from 1793.

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Whigs

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One of the two political parties in England, Great Britain, Ireland, and later the U.K, from the 17th to 19th centuries.

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Parliament

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A legislature, especially in those countries whose system of government is based on the Westminster system modeled after that of the U.K. A meeting at which such a discussion took place.

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Pontiac's Rebellion (1763)

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It was the first major test of the new British imperial policy in 1763 when Chief Pontiac led a major attack against colonial settlements on the western frontier.

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Proclamation of 1763

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The British issued a proclamation that prohibited colonists from settling west of the Appalachian Mountains. It was hoped that it would help to prevent future hostilities between colonists and the Native Americans.

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Sugar Act (1764)

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Placed duties on foreign sugar and certain luxuries. Its chief purpose was to raise money for the crown, and a companion law also provided for stricter enforcement of the Navigation Acts to stop smuggling.

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Quartering Act(17650

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This act required the colonists to provide food and living quarters for British soldiers stationed in the colonies.

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Stamp Act (1765)

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Enacted by Parliament it required that revenue stamps be placed on most printed paper in the colonies, including all legal documents, newspapers, pamphlets, and advertisements.

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Patrick Henry

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Virginia lawyer expressed the sentiments of many when he stood up in the House of Burgesses to demand that the king's government recognize the rights of all citizens including no taxation without representation.

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Stamp Act Congress

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Representatives from nine colonies met in New York in 1765 to form the so-called Stamp Act Congress. They resolved that only their own elected representatives had the legal authority to approve taxes.

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Sons and Daughters of Liberty

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A secret society organized for the purpose of intimidating tax agents. Members of this society sometimes tarred and feathered revenue officials and destroyed revenue stamps.

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Declaratory Act(1766)

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Grenville was replaced by another prime minister, and Parliament voted to repeal the Stamp Act. When news of the repeal reached the colonies, there was widespread rejoicing. Few colonists at the time were aware that Parliament had also enacted this act. It asserted that Parliament had the right to tax and make laws for the colonies "in all cases whatsoever".

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Townshend Acts (1767)

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The law required that the revenues raised be used to pay crown officials in the colonies, thus making them independent of the colonial assemblies that had previously paid their salaries.

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writs of assistance

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A general license to search anywhere.

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John Dickinson; Letters From a Farmer in Pennsylvania

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Colonial leader of Pennsylvania, in his letter his argue that Parliament could regulate commerce but argued that because duties were a form of taxation, they could not be levied on the colonies without the consent of their representative assemblies.

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Samuel Adams

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Massachusetts leader who with James Otis wrote the Massachusetts Circular Letter and sent copies to every colonial legislature.

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James Otis

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Massachusetts leader who with Samuel Adams wrote the Massachusetts Circular Letter and sent copies to every colonial legislature.

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Massachusetts Circular Letter

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It urged the various colonies to petition Parliament to repeal the Townshend Acts. British officials in Boston ordered the letter retracted, threatened to dissolve the legislature, and increase the number of British troops in Boston.

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Lord Frederick North

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As the new prime minister he urged Parliament to repeal the Townshend Acts because their effect was to damage trade and to generate only a disappointing amount of revenue.

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Boston Massacre (1770)

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On a snowy day in March, a crowd of colonists harassed the guards near the customs house. The guards fired into the crowd, killing five people.

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Crispus Attucks

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An African American killed during the Boston Massacre.

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Committees of Correspondence

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A principal device for spreading this idea was by means of the Committees of Correspondence initiated by Samuel Adams in 1772. Adams began the practice of organized committees that would regularly exchange letter about suspicious or potentially threatening British activities.

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Gaspee incident

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This British customs ship had been successful in catching a number of smugglers. In 1772, the ship ran aground of the shore of Rhode Island. Seizing their opportunity to destroy the hated vessel, a group of colonist disguised as Native Americans ordered the British crew ashore and then set fire to the ship. The British ordered a commission to investigate and bring guilty individuals to Britain for trial.

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Tea Act (1773)

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This made the price of the company's tea even with the tax included cheaper than that of smuggled Dutch tea.

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Boston Tea Party (1773)

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A group of Bostonians disguised themselves as Native Americans, boarded the British ships, and dumped 342 chests of tea into the harbor. Colonial reactions to this incident was mixed.

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Intolerable Acts

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In retaliation, the British government enacted a series of punitive acts, together with a separate act dealing with French Canada. The colonists were outraged by these various laws, which were given the epithet "Intolerable Acts".

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Coercive Acts (1774)

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There were four Coercive Acts, directed mainly at punishing the people of Boston and Massachusetts and bringing the dissidents under control.

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Port Act

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Closed the port of Boston, prohibiting trade in and out of the harbor until the destroyed tea was paid for.

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Massachusetts Government Act

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Reduced the power of the Massachusetts legislature while increasing the power of the royal governor.

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Administration of Justice Act

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Allowed royal officials accused of crimes to be tried in England instead of in the colonies.

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Quartering Act

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Enabled British troops to be quartered in private homes. It applied to all colonies.

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Quebec Act (1774)

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When it passed the Coercive Acts, the British government also passed a law organizing the Canadian lands gained from France. This plan was accepted by most French Canadians, but it was resented by many in the 13 colonies.

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Enlightenment

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The philosophies were a group of thinkers who espoused enlightened ideas. Their key ideas were reason, nature and natural laws, happiness, progress, liberty, and toleration.

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Deism

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Deists thought of God as a cosmic watchmaker who created the universe and then let it run according to immutable natural laws.

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rationalism

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the principle or habit or accepting reason as the supreme authority in matters of opinion, belief, or conduct.

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John Locke

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A 17th English philosopher and political theorist. Locke, in his Two Treatises of Government, reasoned that while the state is supreme, it is bound to follow "natural laws" based on the rights that people have simply because they are human.

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Jean-Jacques Rousseau

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A French philosopher who had a profound influence on educated Americans in the 1760s and 1770s the decades of revolutionary thought and action that finally culminated in the American Revolution.