Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
56 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What did Francisco Vasquez de Coonado do?
|
He searched for Cibola, the fabled seven golden cities, during the 1540s.
|
|
|
Who was Hernan de Soto?
|
A Spanish explorer who, with 600 men, battled the Indians in northern Florida and Alabama in search for gold in the 1540s.
|
|
|
What was Spain's goal in North America by the 1560s?
|
Their goal was to prevent other European nations from establishing settlements.
|
|
|
Why and when was St. Augustine forted?
|
1565 by Spain to safeguard Florida from other European countries' settlement.
|
|
|
Where, when, and by whom was the first permanent European settlement in the future United States settled?
|
The Spanish established fort at St. Augustine in 1565.
|
|
|
What did the Comprehensive Orders for New Discoveries do, and when was it issued?
|
Issued in 1573, it placed the "pacification" of new lands primarily in the hands of missionaries, not conquistadors.
|
|
|
What was the goal of the Franciscan Missions?
|
To culturally assimilate the Indians through religious conversion.
|
|
|
What effect did Spanish laws intended to protect the natives peoples from coerced labor have?
|
none, they were ignored by monks
|
|
|
What were encomenderos?
|
They were privileged Spanish landowners who lived near the missions to collect tribute from the native population in both goods and in forced labor.
|
|
|
What did Juan de Onate do in 1598?
|
He led an expedition of 500 Spanish soldiers and settlers into New Mexico to establish a fort and a trading villa.
|
|
|
How did the Indians react to Juan de Onate's expedition in New Mexico?
|
They revolted and killed soldiers.
|
|
|
When and how was Sante Fe founded?
|
1610, returning to a spot settled by Juan d Onate ten years prior that was mostly abandoned due to Indian revolts
|
|
|
When and by whom was Canadian land first claimed for the French?
|
Jacques Cartier in the 1530s claimed the lands bordered by the Gulf of St. Cartier.
|
|
|
When and where and by whom was the first permanent French settlement in America formed?
|
In 1608, Samuel de Champlain founded Quebec.
|
|
|
How many French peasants migrated to America and why was it that amount?
|
Few peasants migrated.
The French government wanted a large military at home and barred French Protestants from settling. The French peasants held strong legal rights to their villages and feared the short growing seasons and long bitter winters in Quebec. |
|
|
How many French settlers in Quebec returned home?
|
Nearly two-thirds eventually returned home.
|
|
|
What was New France based on?
|
fur trading!
|
|
|
What was New France based on?
|
Fur trading!
|
|
|
What did French priests do in New France?
|
They tried to convert the local natives to Christianity.
|
|
|
How successful was religious conversion in New France?
|
Very successful. Many Indians converted, and came to understand Christian values much better than those converted by Franciscans.
|
|
|
How did the French Jesuits treat the local natives?
|
By treating them well and addressing Indian needs.
|
|
|
When, by whom, and by what country found and named the Hudson River?
|
Dutch Henry Hudson in 1609
|
|
|
When and by whom was New Amsterdam founded?
|
1624 by the West India Company for the Dutch
|
|
|
Did/how did New Netherland prosper?
|
It failed as a settler colony, but prospered as a fur-trading enterprise.
|
|
|
Why did New Netherland weaken?
|
Attacks from Indians, shortsighted ruling, and being ignored by the West India Company in favor of Brazil weakened New Netherland.
|
|
|
By when and by whom was New Netherland taken by?
|
in 1664 by the English
|
|
|
What is Roanoke?
|
the "lost colony"
A colony founded in North Carolina by Walter Raleigh that vanished. |
|
|
What did King James I do in 1606?
|
He granted a group of London merchants permission to exploit N. America from present-day N. Carolina to southern New York.
|
|
|
What are joint-stock companies?
|
Companies formed by merchants to provide funding for trade that sold shares to many investors and sought royal support.
|
|
|
What was the main goal of the Virginia Company?
|
Trade for gold and other valuable goods was the main goal.
|
|
|
What threatened the Virginia Company?
|
Native American hostility, new environment and poor chosen farming locations.
|
|
|
What is a headright system?
|
A system that gives every incoming head of a household coming to Virginia a right to fifty acres of land and fifty additional acres for every servant.
|
|
|
What was the House of Burgesses and when did it first meet?
|
A legislative body in Jamestown that first met in 1619. It had the power to make laws and levy taxes, although the governor could veto its legislative acts.
|
|
|
What crop was Virgina based on?
|
Tobacco!
|
|
|
What did James I do to the Virginia Company in 1622 and why?
|
He dissolved the Virginia Company, reacting to Indian uprisings. He accused its directors of mismanagement.
|
|
|
What did James I do to Virginia in 1624?
|
He made Virginia a royal colony.
|
|
|
What crop was Maryland based on?
|
Tobacco!
|
|
|
What did King Charles I do to Maryland in 1632?
|
Conveyed the territory to Lord Baltimore.
|
|
|
What authority did Lord Baltimore have in Maryland?
|
He could sell, lease, or give the land away as he wished. He could appoint public officials, found churches, and appoint ministers.
|
|
|
What did Lord Baltimore want Maryland to be?
|
a refuge for persecuted Catholics
|
|
|
What policy did Lord Baltimore adopt to protect Catholics?
|
religious toleration
|
|
|
What did Lord Baltimore pass in 1649?
|
The Toleration Act which granted religious freedom to all Christians.
|
|
|
When was the Toleration Act passed?
|
1649
|
|
|
King Charles I?
|
English
1625-1649 |
|
|
What were indentures?
|
They were labor contracts signed by poor wanderers in which they agreed to work for a period of time in exchange for room and board, after which they would be free.
|
|
|
What is chattel slavery?
|
It is the ownership as property of one human being by another.
|
|
|
What did Nathaniel Bacon protest, where and when?
|
In March 1676 in Virginia they rebelled against the local government's refusal to attack the Indians.
|
|
|
How did the planter-merchant elite appease the lower social orders in Virginia?
|
They appeased the lower social orders by cutting their taxes and supporting the expansion of settlement into Indian lands.
|
|
|
What were the Pilgrims who left the Church of England known as?
|
Separatists
|
|
|
When did the Mayflower sail?
|
1620
|
|
|
How did King Charles I react to Protestant criticism of him from the parliament?
|
He dissolved Parliament.
|
|
|
When did the English first leave to settle the Massachusetts area? Who were they?
|
1630
They were Puritans. |
|
|
How did the Massachusetts Bay Colony run their government?
|
They had a governor, elected assembly, and elected council. Only church members were allowed to vote to ensure rule by the godly.
|
|
|
What did Roger Williams do and why?
|
He founded Rhode Island in 1636 to have a colony with no established church, as well as separation of church and state.
|
|
|
What did Anne Hutchinson do and where?
|
She held weekly prayer meetings in her house in Massachusetts that was critical of prominent clergymen. She believed that God directly revealed truth to the individual believer, which diminished the role of ministers and established authority. They didn't like that, so they put her on trial for heresy in 1637.
|
|
|
What kind of society did Puritan migrants to New England form?
|
A society of freehold farmers who raised crops mostly for their own consumption.
|
