Ap Us History Cards - Chapter 18

Front 1

Old Immigrants

Definition: People from North and Western Europe of the British Isles, Germany, and Scandinavia who immigrated to the United States up until the 1880's. Were mostly protestant, and very few Catholics.

Back 1

My Definition: Protestant immigrants from North and Western Europe who immigrated to the U.S up until the 1880's.

Sentence: Old immigrants were well accepted unlike the overwhelming amount of New Immigrants, because they were able to assimilate to American society chiefly because of their acquaintance of the English language.

Front 2

New Immigrants

Definition: People from Southern and Eastern Europe who immigrated to the United States between 1890 - 1914. These people were of Italian, Greek, Croats, Slovak, Polish, and Russian decent. Were mostly of Catholic, Orthodox, or Jewish religion.

Back 2

My Definition: Wave of immigrants from eastern and southern Europe who immigrated to the U.S between 1890 and 1914.

Sentence: The New Immigrants into the US had a hard time gaining acceptance chiefly because of their religious conflictions with protestant Americans, and as a result they isolated themselves into ethnic based communities.

Front 3

Ellis Island

Definition: Immigration center opened in 1892 that required immigrants to pass medical and documental examinations for entry into the United States.

Back 3

My Definition: Immigration Center on an island ahead of New York Harbor that processed millions of new immigrants from 1892 up until the early 1900's.

Sentence: Women who were birthing were forced to stay in Ellis Island and give labor, and were only allowed to leave when they delivered.

Front 4

Urbanization

Definition: Shift of common American people to live in the urban city. When populations of people grow, the population of a place may spill over from city to nearby areas.

Back 4

My Definition: Spill over of Americans from the country side to the cities, and from the cities to the sub-urban neighborhoods.

Sentence: The United States became the first Sub-Urban neighborhood as a result from the spillover from Urbanization.

Front 5

Ethnic Neighborhoods

Definition: Distinct neighborhoods where each ethnic group could maintain its own language, culture, and religion. They were often crowded, unhealthy, and crime ridden neighborhoods.

Back 5

My Definition: Neighborhoods based off of ethnic ties.

Sentence: Ethnic Neighborhoods are still very relevant today in the U.S's multicultural society, and parts of town like Little Armenia and Korea Town are very ethnically uniform.

Front 6

Tenements

Definition: Small windowless rooms in inner city apartments that would normally be jammed with people living in them.

Back 6

My Definition: Cheaply built and divided apartment buildings with unsatisfactory living conditions.

Sentence: Laws were passed to put an end to the unbearable living conditions for poor Americans in Tenement buildings.

Front 7

Political Machine

Definition: Tightly organized group of politicians led by a party boss who asks for the support of its supporters in return for rewards.

Back 7

My Definition: Political tool used to gain support for holding important government positions using bribery and rewards to its supporters for loyalties.

Sentence: Although Political Machines may have offered many good services to poor Americans, they were most of the time greedy acting out of their own desires.

Front 8

Party Boss

Definition: The top politician of a political machine who gives orders and jobs of his loyal supporters.

Back 8

My Definition: Head politician of a political machine.

Sentence: One of the most significant Party Bosses of the New York Political Machine was William M. Tweed.

Front 9

Henry George, Progress, and Poverty

Definition: Book released in 1879 by a journalist from San Francisco who advocated for the placement of a single tax on property (land) as a solution to end poverty. He also called out the inequalities of wealth as a result of industrialization.

Back 9

My Definition: Author who advocated for the placement of tax on property (land).

Sentence: Henry George and Edward Bellamy both became influential for the rise of movements for the bettering of U.S society.

Front 10

Edward Bellamy, Looking Backward

Definition: Book released in 1888 that was written by Edward Bellamy. The book envisioned an era in which a cooperative society successfully eliminated poverty, greed, and crime. Started reform movements and organizations based of his ideas.

Back 10

My Definition: Author who envisioned a cooperative American society.

Sentence: Henry George and Edward Bellamy both became influential for the rise of movements for the bettering of U.S society.

Front 11

Settlement House

Definition: Early institutions that provided social services such as English lessons to immigrants, early childhood education, industrial arts, and theaters for music schools.

Back 11

My Definition: Early institutions that provided social services for people in need.

Sentence: One of the most notable settlement Houses was Hull House which was founded by Jane Adams.

Front 12

Jane Addams

Definition: Founder of the Hull House Settlement House in the year 1889

Back 12

My Definition: Founder of Hull House.

Sentence: Jane Adams was the founder of the Hull House.

Front 13

Social Gospel Movement

Definition: Movement that emphasized on the importance of applying Christian principle to social problems. The leader of this movement was Walter Rauschenbusch.

Back 13

My Definition: Social movement that combined Christian moral values to correct social problems.

Sentence: The Social Gospel Movement was not the only of its kind with its emphasis on Christian principles.

Front 14

Salvation Army

Definition: Social service that provided basic necessities of life for the homeless and poor people.

Back 14

My Definition: Social service that provided basic necessities to people in need.

Sentence: The Salvation Army, like the Social Gospel Movement, also applied religious morals to its work. It was also founded in England before it made its way to the US.

Front 15

Women's Christian Temperance Union

Definition: Founded in 1874, and advocated for the abstinence of Alcohol. Was lead by Frances E. Willard.

Back 15

My Definition: Movement that advocated for the abstinence of Alcohol in American society.

Sentence: The WCTU was a group that had about 400,000 followers within its ranks.

Front 16

Anthony Comstock

Definition: Founder of the Society of Suppression of Vice which put their efforts into the prevention of lude acts and prostitution.

Back 16

My Definition: Founder of the Society of Suppression of Vice.

Sentence: Anthony Comstock lead a movement that aimed for the preservation of moral values in society.

Front 17

Oliver Wendell Holmes

Definition: Legal representative who advocated for the evolution of the law with time, and that it shouldn't be restricted to past decisions.

Back 17

My Definition: Advocate for the evolution of law through time.

Sentence: Oliver Wendell Holmes believed that laws should change over time, and they should not be restricted by past court decisions.

Front 18

Jazz

Definition: New form of popular music that combined African Rhythms with different instruments.

Back 18

My Definition: New form of African-American music that used western instruments.

Sentence: Jazz and other musical styles were growing increasingly popular amongst its own peoples in ethnic neighborhoods.

Front 19

Joseph Pulitzer

Definition: Owner of the New York World newspaper company which used very captivating news for its mass newspaper circulation.

Back 19

My Definition: Owner of the New York World publisher company.

Sentence: Joseph Pulitzer used captivating headlines to gain the attentions of its millions of readers in order to achieve a height of a million newspapers in circulation.

Front 20

William Randolph Hearst

Definition: New York newspaper publisher who used scandals and sensationalism to sell his newspapers.

Back 20

My Definition: Newspaper publisher of government corruption and scandals.

Sentence: Although William Hearst strategy helped him succeed in his profession, at times it would also result in some of his downfalls.

Front 21

Spectator Sports

Definition: Professional sports of baseball, football, basketball, and boxing. National past time for many Americans that became popular and iconic of American culture.

Back 21

My Definition: Popular American sports/pass times.

Sentence: One popular boxer in the Spectator Sport of Boxing was John L. Sullivan.