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83 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Four basic techniques for policy administration?
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Authoritative Techniques--people’s actions must be directed /restrained by gov’t. to prevent/eliminate activities.
Incentive Techniques--financial inducements to comply with policy Capacity Techniques--provide information, education, or training to people to help them undertake an activity. “Appeals” Techniques--encourage people to comply with policy based on their sense of the common good, or their better instincts. |
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When does Congress meet?
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“A Congress” meets for two years beginning in early January after the November election.
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112th Congress beginning and end?
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1/3/11 – 1/3/13
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Lame Duck Session
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meets after the election but before the next term; Nov. and Dec. of an election year.
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Special sessions
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called by the president
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Joint sessions
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both houses meet together; special occasions
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Adjournment
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neither house can end session without consent from the other
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House week?
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schedule made at discretion of leadership; votes only Tuesday – Thursday, convening at 10am most days
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Senate week?
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schedule made at discretion of leadership; votes scheduled for mid-week; convenes at 12noon most days
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Salary?
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$174,000
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Franking
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free mail service for districts mailings related constituent service
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Capitol Hill office
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the Freshman Lottery
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Loyalty rules?
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to party, to state, to constituents, to principles. . .
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Civility rules?
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respect your fellow members
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Specialization rule?
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defer always to the experts
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Reciprocity rule
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“you scratch my back, I’ll scratch yours”, aka Logrolling
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Logrolling
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“you scratch my back, I’ll scratch yours”
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Seniority
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– the longer you stay, the more power you get; committee chairs, prime office space, leadership post. . .
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members in house?
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435
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length of terms in house?
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2-years
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number of senate members
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100
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length of terms in senate
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6-years
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what is basis of representation in house?
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population
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number of constituents per rep in house?
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640,000-650,000 (2010) capped at 435 in 1925
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census
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10-year count of population
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reapportionment
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census to determine number of reps in house
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redistricting
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redrawing district lines
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Baker v. Carr
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fair rep is part of equal protection clause (14 amendment) and thus Tenn. had to redistrict districts of unequal size
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Wesberry v. Sanders
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equal redistricting of federal districts
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gerrymandering
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Drawing districts to favor one party or one candidate.
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Shaw v. Reno (1993)
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NC12 drawn to ensure election of first black member of Congress from NC since Reconstruction. O'Connor calls district “bizarre” and the SC rules (5-4) that any racial gerrymandering requires strict scrutiny by the Court.
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Vieth v. Jubelirer (2004)
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SC cannot decide how to resolve gerrymandering for political reasons.
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Speaker of the house
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John Boehner
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House Majority Leader
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Eric Cantor
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House Majority Whip
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Kevin McCarthy
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Minority Leader
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Nancy Pelosi
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House Minority Whip
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Steny Hoyer
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President of the Senate
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Vice President Joseph Biden
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President of the Senate Pro Tempore
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Daniel Inouye
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Senate Majority Leader
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Harry Reid
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Senate Majority Whip
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Richard Durbin
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Senate Minority Leader
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Mitch McConnell
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Senate Minority Whip
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Jon Kyl
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Caucus
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informal group of members with shared interests, ideology, or party affiliation.
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Interest group
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group of people with similar interests entering the political process and pushing for policy agendas
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Pluralism
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interest groups engender equal representation and good competition
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Elitism
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only a small group of wealthy interest groups have true power and representation
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Hyperpluralism
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the large number of interest groups pushing for differing ideas make government ineffective
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Iron triangles
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interest group leaders, government agencies, and congressional subcommittees that push for the same policy
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Potential group
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people who may be interest group members
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Actual group
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represent the joined interest group members
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Collective good
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something of value that cannot be held from any group member
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Free-rider problem
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problem where people opt from joining groups because the still receive the same benefits
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Selective benefits
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good reserved from the actual group
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Single-issue group
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groups that have a narrow interest
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Lobbying
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individuals other than citizens representing organizations in hope of influencing congressional members
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Electioneering
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interest group involvement in electoral process
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Political action committees
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organizations created by interest groups for political funding
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Union shop
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provision for employees to join unions within 30 days
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Right-to-work laws
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forbidding requirements that workers join a union
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Public interest lobbies
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organizations seeking a collective good for all citizens
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Incumbents
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individuals holding office they are running for re-election for
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Casework
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giving the people what they believe they have a right to by cutting corners (red tape)
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Pork Barrel
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federal funds allocated to states and districts normally through bills
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Bicameral Legislature
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a legislature divided into two houses
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House Rules Committee
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reviews bills coming from the house committee before the go to the full house
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Filibuster
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using unlimited debate ability in senate to prevent a bill from passing
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Speaker of the House
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leader of the house of reps
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Majority Leader
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This officer is charged with scheduling legislation for floor consideration; planning the daily, weekly, and annual legislative agendas; consulting with Members to gauge party sentiment; and, in general, working to advance the goals of the majority party.
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Whips
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work for the majority leader by going out to get votes and support
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Minority Leader
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serves as floor leader of the opposition party, and is the minority counterpart to the Majority Leader
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Standing Committees
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handle bills in different policy area (most important). each house has its own
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Joint committees
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exist in few policy areas and draw member from both house and senate
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Conference Committees
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formed when senate and house pass different versions of the same bill and compose of member from each house
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Select Committees
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may be temp or permanent and usually have focus responsibility.
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Legislative Oversight
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process of monitoring the bureaucracy and its administering policies
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Committee Chairs
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influence committee agenda
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Seniority System
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old system where senior committee members became chairs
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Caucus
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group of congressional members sharing interests or characteristics
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Bill
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a proposed law, drafted in precise, legal language
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amicus curiae brief (or?)
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litigation tactic used by interest groups in which it supports one side of the case (friend of the court brief)
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rules committee
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acts as a traffic cop in the House, scheduling bills for floor debate and setting the rules under which that debate can take place
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credit clamius
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involves members of Congress enhancing their standing with constituents through service to individuals and the district
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