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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Government authority shared by national and local governments.
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federalism
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The effort to transfer responsibility for many public programs and services from the federal government to the states.
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devolution
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Money from the national government that states can spend within broad guidelines determined by Washington.
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block grants
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Terms set by the national government that states must meet whether or not they accept federal grants.
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mandates
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Section of the Constitution allowing Congress to pass all laws "necessary and proper" to its duties, and which has permitted Congress to exercise powers not specifically given to it (enumerated) by the Constitution.
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"necessary and proper" clause
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The doctrine that a state can declare null and void a federal law that, in the state's opinion, violates the Constitution.
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nullification
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Doctrine holding that the national government is supreme in its sphere, the states are supremem in theirs, and the two spheres should be kept separate.
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dual federalism
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State power to enact laws promoting health, safety, and morals.
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police power
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Process that permits voters to put legislative measures directly on the ballot.
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initiative
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Procedure enabling voters to reject a measre bassed by the legislature.
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referendum
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Procedure whereby voters can remove an elected official from office.
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recall
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Money given by the national government to the states.
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grants-in-aid
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Federal grants for specific purposes, such as building an airport.
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categorical grants
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Federal sharing of a fixed percentage of its revenue with the states.
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revenue sharing
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Terms set by the national government that states must meet if they are to receive certain national funds.
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conditions of aid
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A decision by an administrative agency granting some other part permission to violate a law or tule that would otherwise apply to it.
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waiver
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The flow of power and money from teh states to local governments.
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second-order devolution
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The increased role of nonprofit organizations and private groups in policy implementation.
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third-order devolution
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A federal law or regulation that contains language explicitly displacing or superseding any contrary state or local laws.
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express preemption
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A federal law or regularion that contains language conflicting with state or local laws,that cannot be effectively implemented due to such laws, or that conerns matters in which Washington possesses exclusive constitutinal powers (such as treaty-making) or "occupies the field" (like federal employment security and retirement laws).
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implied preemption
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