Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
62 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Sovereignty
|
The supreme or ultimate political authority
|
|
|
Federalism
|
Authority divided between state and national
|
|
|
Unitary System
|
Authority is completely in the national government
|
|
|
Confederation
|
Authority is completely in the states
|
|
|
Delegated/Enumerated (expressed) Powers
|
Powers specifically granted to the national government by the Constitution
|
|
|
Concurrent Powers
|
Powers shared by the national and state governments
|
|
|
Implied Powers
|
National government's authority to take action not expressly granted through the Constitution (elastic clause)
|
|
|
Reserved Powers
|
Powers granted to the states through the 10th Amendment
|
|
|
Cooperative Federalism
|
National and State government cooperate in solving problems (marble cake)
National government ultimately has more power |
|
|
Fiscal Federalism
|
Spending of national funds on programs run through states ($$$)
|
|
|
Grants-in-aid
|
National cash payments to states for programs they administer
|
|
|
Block Grants
|
National grant where states are given a general purpose for what to do with it
States prefer this |
|
|
Selective Incorporation
|
Rights guaranteed by the first 8 amendments are fundamental in keeping liberty
|
|
|
Intergovernmental Lobby
|
Get more federal money with fewer strings
People from states go to national government to get money |
|
|
Categorical Grants
|
National grant given to states for a specific purpose
|
|
|
Conditions of aid
|
A condition that the state must fulfill for taking a national fund
|
|
|
Dual Federalism
|
National and state governments remain supreme in own sphere
Each responsible for some policies (Layer cake) |
|
|
Mandates
|
A rule that tells states what they must do in order to comply with federal guidelines to receive a grant
Do what national government wants now, get money later |
|
|
Nullification
|
States can void federal laws that they think are in violation of the Constitution
|
|
|
Revenue Sharing
|
Program that allowed states discretion in what they spent their federal grants on
Terminated |
|
|
Matching Funds
|
Agreement between two levels of government in which each level agrees to contribute funds to a specific project
|
|
|
Devolution Revolution
|
Passing down of power from national to state levels
|
|
|
Commerce Clause
|
Congress has the power to regulate spending
|
|
|
Elastic Clause
|
"Necessary and proper" clause
Loose construction Gives federal government more power |
|
|
Full Faith and Credit
|
Courts respect the judgements of courts from other states
|
|
|
Privileges and Immunities Clause
|
Protects fundamental rights of individual citizens and restrains state efforts to discriminate against out-of-state citizens
|
|
|
Supremacy Clause
|
Federal law takes precedence over state laws
|
|
|
McCulloch v. Maryland
|
National bank cannot be taxed
Implied powers Power to federal government |
|
|
Gibbons v. Ogden
|
Ferryboat monopoly
Implied powers Power to federal government |
|
|
Heart of Atlanta Motel v. United States
|
Blacks not allowed to stay at motel
Commerce clause Power to federal government |
|
|
South Dakota v. Dole
|
Drinking age and highway funds
Commerce clause Power to federal government |
|
|
United States v. Lopez
|
Guns within 1,000 feet of a school
Power to state government |
|
|
Gonzales v. Raich
|
Marijuana use
Commerce clause Power to federal government |
|
|
Gonzales v. Oregon
|
Physician-assisted suicide
Power to state government |
|
|
Garcia v. San Antonio Authority
|
Power to federal government
|
|
|
Prince v. United States
|
Background checks for gun ownership
Power to federal government |
|
|
Self-government
|
People are the ultimate source
Ruled by majority |
|
|
Inalienable Rights
|
Rights that all people have and cannot be taken away
|
|
|
Second Treatise on Government
|
John Locke claims everybody has natural rights
|
|
|
Limited Government
|
Limited on its lawful uses of power
|
|
|
Shay's Rebellion
|
Showed weakness of Articles of Confederation
|
|
|
New Jersey Plan
|
Stronger national government with power to tax and regulate commerce
|
|
|
Virginia Plan
|
Representation in Congress is based off of population of state
|
|
|
Great Compromise
|
Two chambers of Congress (House and Senate)
|
|
|
Three-fifths Compromise
|
Slaves count as three-fifths a person when counting population
|
|
|
Anti-Federalists
|
States rights
|
|
|
Faction
|
Federalist No. 10
|
|
|
Federalist Papers
|
Articles written by Hamilton and Madison in favor of the Constitution
|
|
|
Federalism
|
A political system in which ultimate authority is shared between central and state government
|
|
|
Republic
|
Form of government that operates through a system of representation
|
|
|
Informal Amendment Process
|
Interpret the words of the Constitution to fit changing needs and events
|
|
|
Formal Amendment Process
|
Must be proposed by 2/3 of each house of Congress and ratified by 3/4 of state legislatures
|
|
|
Checks and Balances
|
LOOK AT PAPER!!!
|
|
|
Separation of Powers
|
Political power is shared between the branches of government (basically checks and balances)
|
|
|
Bill of Attainder
|
A law that declares a person, without trial, to be guilty of a crime
Forbidden to pass such acts |
|
|
Ex Post Facto Law
|
If something is legal when it is done, but then becomes illegal, police cannot arrest someone who did it before it was illegal
|
|
|
Judicial Review
|
The power of courts to declare an act of Congress unconstitutional
Limits power of majorites |
|
|
Writ of Habeas Corpus
|
Prevent illegal arrests and unlawful imprisonment
|
|
|
Advice and Consent
|
Power the Constitution grants the US senate to give advice
|
|
|
Examples of Delegated/Enumerated (expressed) Powers
|
National defense
Currency Post office Foreign affairs Interstate commerce |
|
|
Examples of Concurrent Powers
|
Lend and borrow money
Taxation Law enforcement Charter banks Transportation |
|
|
Examples of Reserved Powers
|
Charter local governments
Education Public safety Registration and voting Intrastate commerce |
