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48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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republicanism
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a just society as one in which all citizens willingly subordinated their private, selfish interests to the common good
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citizenry
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its capacity for selflessness, self-sufficiency, and courage, and its appetite for civiv involvement
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radical whigs
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feared the threat to liberty posed by the arbitrary power of the monarch and his ministers relative to elected reps in parliment
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Mercantilism
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wealth was power and that a country's economic wealth could be measured by the amount of gold/silver in its treasury
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Adam Smith
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Scottish "Father of Modern Economics" who attacked mercantilism
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Navigation Laws
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all comerce flowing to and from the colonies could be transported only in British ships
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enumerated products
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americans had to ship certain products exclusively to Britain (ex. tobacco)
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"royal veto"
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crown could nullify any legislation passed by the colonial assemblies
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John Hancock
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his American fortune was amassed by wholesale smuggling
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benefits Americans reaped from the mercantile system
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London paid liberal bounties for production of ship parts, virginia tobacco growers had monopoly in Britain, protection of the strongest army and navy without having to pay
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the mercantile system's liabilities
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stiflied economic initiative, dependence on Britain, debasing felt used
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George Grenville
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Prime Minister who ordered to strictly enforce the navigation laws and sugar act
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Sugar Act
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1764: raising tax revenue for the crown; increased duty on foreign sugar from west indies
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Quartering Act
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1765: required certain colonies to provide food/housing for British troops
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Stamp Act
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1765: raise revenue to support military; stamps to certify payment of tax on bills of sale, legal documents
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American Distinction between legislation and taxtation
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right of parliment to legislate about matters that affected the entire empire, including the regulation of trade, but denied right of parliment to impose taxes on americans
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John Dickinson
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a lawyer and popular essayist who advocated a middle-of-the road response to the new British revenue acts
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virtual representation
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every member of parliment represented all british subjects, even those in america who had never voted
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Stamp Act Congress
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1765: brought together in NY , 27 delegates from 9 colonies and they beseeched King and parliment to repeal the repugnant legislation
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non-importation agreements
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against british goods; tried to make those goods in the colonies instead so they didnt have to buy them and therefore hurt britain's economy
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Sons of Liberty
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took law into their own hands; violence accompainied colonial protests
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Daughters of Liberty
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took law into their own hands; violence accompainied colonial protests
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Declaratory Act
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reaffirmed parliment's right "to bind" the colonies in all cases
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"Champagne" Charley Townshend
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a man who could deliver brillian speeches in parliment even when drunk; prime minister who passed townshend acts
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Townshend Acts
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light import duty on glass, white lead, paper, paint, and tea
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internal and external taxes
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direct taxtation vs. indirect taxtation (???)
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King George III
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repealed the stamp act, but passed the declatory act; bad ruler
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Crispus Attucks
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first to die in protest; powerfully built runaway "mulatto" and mob leader
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Lord North
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corpulent prime minister of king george III
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Samuel Adams
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master propagandist and engineer of rebellion; loved politics; cousin to John; organized in Mass the local committee of correspondence
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British East India Company
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facing bankruptcy; awarded complete monopoly of tea business in colonies
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Thomas Hutchinson
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Maa gov who agreed that the tea tax was unjust, but he believed colonists had right to flout the law: infuriated
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Boston Tea Party
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Dec 16, 1773 100 Bostians disguised as indians board ships and throw 342 chests of tea overboard
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"Intolerable Acts"
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the laws were called this in america; many of the chartered rights of colonial mass were swept away
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Boston Port Act
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port closed until damages were paided for
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Quebec Act
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1774: French guaranteed Catholic religion and retained many old customs and institutions, didnt include rep assemblies or trial by jury, and borders were extended
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Continental Congress
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1774: summonded to meet in Philly to consider ways of redressing colonial grievances (12 of 13 colonies there)
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Declaration of Rights
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drew up by first continental congress; stated rights
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The Association
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called for complete boycott of british goods: nonimportation, nonexportation, and nonconsumption
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Lexington and Concord
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Briitish sent troops to seize stores of colonial gunpowder and Sam Adams and john hancock cause "lexington massacre"
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Imperial Strengths and weaknesses
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Strengths: greater population, monetary wealth, naval power, army - able to get foreign soldiers; weaknesses: ireland, didn't want to kill american cousins, outspoken sympathy, British army delt with many difficulties - 3,000 miles from home, no center to capture
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Hessians
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germans wh were hired as british soldiers
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George Washington
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brilliant leader
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Benjamin Franklin
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master among diplomats
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Marquis de LaFayette
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wealthy young french nobleman, made a general at age 19, secured age from france
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"not worth a continental"
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continental congress forced to print money ("continentals") and it baiscally became worth nothing
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Valley Forge
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American soldiers went without bread for 3 days; 2800 men barefoot or nearldy naked
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Baron von Steuben
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didnt speak english, taught men that bayonets were not for "broiling beefsteaks over open fires" - trained soldiers
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