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64 Cards in this Set
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1st modern prime minister
didn't enforce Nav. Acts to stimulate commerce. signif: colonial affairs- decentralized, inefficient. not colonial office in London |
Robert Walpole
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who: colonist, inventor
what:lobbied england for American intersts where: represent PA, GA, NJ, Mass. signif: didnt encourage interference w/ colonial affairs |
Ben Franlkin
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who: governors, collectors of customs, naval officers
what: waived duties and yielded to colonists' resistance to trade restrictions why: recieved low wages= nedd $- got it through bribery |
Salutary Neglect
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who: colonial leaders
what: a plan where Parl sets up govt for America ( except GA & Nova Scotia) how: each colony has own present constitution- new gen govt= govern relations w/ indians. pres. general elected by king "grand council" by colonial assemblies signif: not approved by colonial assemblies |
Albany Plan
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who: Mohawk, Seneca, Cayua, Onondaga, Oneida
what: defensive alliance; most powerful native group forged commercial relationship with English and Dutch when: since 1640s signif: trade w/ both French and Eng=> uneasy balance of power ohio valley = potential battleground grant trading concessions to England in interior after King George's WAr (1748)- ally w. Brits |
Iroquis Confederacy
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who: George Washington- colonel of small militia
what: crude stockade where: Pittsburgh; by french outpost Fort Duquesne how: attacks F.D. (unsuccessful). F.D. traps. Washington surrenders signif: beginning of French and Indian War |
Fort Neccesity
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WHO: eng. sec of state ( future prime minister)
what: brought war effort in AMerica under British control when: 1757 how: planned military strategy, appt commanders, issue orders to colonists signif: initate 3rd phase of war (1758)= relaxed policies that Amer. against return to control of recruitment to colonial assemblies |
William Pitt
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who: george III
when: 1763 what: GB got some West Indian islands- most colonies in Inda. Canada, all French Territory east of the mississippi (except New Orleans & W. Mississippi to spain) signif: expand territorial claim enlarged dept. Brits resent Americans 1st time Amer. act against common foe |
Peace og Paris
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who: William Pitt
when: 1757 what: British forcibly enlist colonists why: to replenish army signif: colonists resist=> riots |
impressment
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who: king of england
when: 1760 what: removed power from whigs. create new coalition= unstable. had bouts of insanity; immature= instable govt signif: intransigene of Brit govt |
George III
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who: brother-in-law of William Pitt. prime minister
when: 1763 what: imposed system of control on colonies why: felt colonists too indulged and should obey laws |
George Grenville
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who: Brit. govt
what: forbid settlers to advance past the Appalachian Mountains why: London contol westward movement. conflict w/ indians limited signif: failed to meet Native AMericans expectations. white settlers ignored boundary |
Proclamation of 1763
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who: by Grenville ministry
what: required colonists to assist in provisioning and maintaining army how: provide quarters/ supplies to Brit troops in America signif: colonists resent that its mandatory. defy= mass & ny assembly refuse to vote supplies to troops |
Quartering Act
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who: Grenville ministry
what: 1. raised duty on sugar. decrease duty on molasses 2. est. vice- admiralty courts why: 1. try to eliminate colony trade w/ frencg and spanish west indies 2. try smugglers signif: hampered New England merchants' trade |
Sugar Act
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who: grenville ministry
when: 1764 what: told colonial assemblies to stop issuing paper money |
Currency Act
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who: grenville ministry
what: tax on printed documents in colonies: newspapers, almanacs, pamphlets, deeds, wills signif: effected ALL colonists: unified colonosts against taxes . repealed on MArch 18, 1766 |
Stamp Act of 1765
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who:western pennsylvanians
when: 1763 what: descended on PA demanding relief from colonial taxes & $ for defencse to indians signif: govt made concessions to avoid bloodshed |
Paxton Boys
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where: NC when: 1771
who: farmers of upcountry what: org. to oppose increase in taxes by sheriff how: armed themselves (Small civil-war) signif: gov Tyson usued militia to crush 2,000 regulators @ Battle of Alamance. not many killed |
Regulator Movement
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who: Patrick Henry when:1771
what: declared Amer. have same rights as eng; VA =no taxes except those voted on by assemblies hoe: printed and circulated in colonies signif: other colonies see VA as more militant than actually are |
Virginia Resolves
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who: james Otis
where: MAss. when: oct 7 1765 what: intercolonial congress- deleg. from 9 colonies how: petition king and parliament against tax |
Stamp ACt Congress
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when: summer 1765
who: colonial city crowds what: series of riots where: largest in Boston - terrorized stamp agents, burn stamps signif: agents resign- stamp sales stop |
Sons of Liberty
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who: parliament
when: march 1766 what: assert parl. authority over colonies in any case why: to try to prevent colonists from disobeying laws w/ removal of stamp act |
Declaratory Act
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who: Charles Townshend- chancellor to William Pitt
whwn: 1766 what: disbanded NY assembly till colonsts agree to Quartering Act; New taxes: tea lead paint paper "external transaction" why: enforce law and raise revenue signif: colonists resent all aspects repealed by Lord North. still on Tea |
Townshend Duties
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who: colonial merchants; starts w/ Boston, Ny, philly
what: boycott of Brit goods subject to townshend duties when: 1768 signif: American domestic produtction increases |
Non- importation agreement
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who: boston dockworkers & brit soldiers
when: march 5 1770 what: brit soldiers killed 5 colonsts in a skirmish after colonists threw rocks and such at customs building signif: resistance leaders transform it to a "massacre" to show Brit brutality. Innocent Blood Crying to God (circular) |
Boston Tea Party
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who: England
what: each member reps. the whole nation= all represented in Parliament single ultimate authority= king and parliament |
virutal representation
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who: colonists
what: every community has own representative eleceted by the people of the community - division of sovereignty |
Actual representation
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who: RI residents
when: 1772 what: set Brit ships (Gaspee) on fire= sank where: Narrangansett Bay why: rebellion against revenue ship signif: Brit had defendants put on trial in England= angered colonists |
Gaspee Affair
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who: passed by Brit govt, Brit East India Co.
what: export tea directly to colonies w/o tax usually applied to colonial merchants= undersell american merchants= monopoly signif: angered colonists= feared bankruptcy sign of unconstitutional tax=> boycott |
Tea Act
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who: women colonists
what: informal org. participate in anti-brit riots "that rather than freedom, we'll part with our tea" |
Daughter of Liberty
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who: george III & lord north
when:1774 where: Mass. what: closed port of boston, decreaded self-govt, royal officers tried in England, quartering troops in barns and empty houses why: response to tea party signif: made Mass.a martyr> resistance in other colonies |
Coercive Acts/ Intolerable Acts
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who: parliament
what: provide civil govt to french speaking roman catholic of canda and illinois country. recognize roman catholic church in province signif: amer. felt it an attempt to ompose tyranny of pope & hinder expansion |
Quebec Act
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who: samuel adams
when: 1772 whatL committee of prominent citizens to perform political functions |
committees of correspondence
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who: delegates from 13 colonies except GA
where: Carpenter's Hall in Philly when: sept 1774 why: VA called it; gov of VA dissolved Rump session in Raleigh Tavern what: 1. reject colonial unity under British Rule 2.statement of grievences 3.resolutions= military prep against possible Brit attack 4. nonimportation, nonexportation, noncomsumption 5. meer next spring= continuing org. signif: reaffirmed autonomous status, declare econ. war |
First Continental Congress
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who: lord north
what: colonies tax themselves @ parl. demand when: 1775 why: attempt to seprate moderates and extremists signif: too late, 1st shots already fired |
Conciliatory Proclamations
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who: General Thomas Gage (Brit) & army vs. minutemen
when: April 19, 1775 what: 1,000 soldiers (brit) try to take gun powder supply w/o bloodshed.. Paul Revere & William Dawes warn village Brit win 1st battle. loose 3x as many men at next. signif: "shot heard round the world" rally rebels cause to colonists began war for independence |
Lexington & Concord
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who: delegates from all colonies excapt GA
where: state house in philly what: agreed to support war; differed on its purpose |
2nd continental congress
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who favored complete independence from Britain
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John and Samuel Adams
Richard Henry Lee |
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who were moderates and wanted reforms in imperial relationship with Great Britain
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john dickinson (PA)
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who: 2nd cont. congress
what: last conciliatory appeal to king - "Decleration of Causes and NEcessity of Taking Up Arms"- Brit left America w/ 2 choices signif: Brit's reject> brit enact prohibitory act |
Olive Branch Petition
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who: British
what: closed colonies to al overseas trade. no concessions except pardons to repenent rebels how: naval blockade of colonial ports |
Prohibitory Act
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who: rev. propagandist
what: expose that it was king and system to blame. break completely with govt. signig: sold 100,000 copies. produced a growing support for idea |
Thomas Paine- Common Sense
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NC women support men in all aspects of revolution. women active in politics
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Edenton Proclamation
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who:delegate from VA
what: wrote Decleration of Independence when: july 4, 1776 signif: inspire french revolution- decleration of the rights of man. increase in foreign aid for struggle. create division withing American society |
Thomas Jefferson
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who's ideas was the Decleration of Independence based off of?
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John Locke
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these people were willing to support war if aims didnt conflict with basic loyalty to king
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loyalists
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supporters of indepence called loyalists this
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tories
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when: Nov 1777, ratified 1781
what: confirmed weak decentralized system who: by cont. congress how. Cont Congress= cord war effort; power over state - limited; print paper $- inflation= borrowed $ from nations. draft men after initial patritotic surge |
Articles of Confederation
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who: single commander in chief of cont. army
when: june1775 how: aid w/ Marquis Lafayette ( France) & Baron von Steuben (Prussia)> conquers Britain- symbol of stability |
George Washington
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who: British commander
what: 1. tried to ger Amer. to surrender when arrived with 32,000+ ships in NY> Amer. decided to fight signif: Brit take NY- winter 1776- washington crosses DE river= suppress Brits> Amer. refuge in NJ 2. decided not to act on 2-prong plan with Burgoyne; instead takes Philly. left Bur. to fight alone; allowed Wash. to retreat & regroup> Brit mistake cost them war |
General Howe
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who: commanded Amer. forces in north
what: beat burgoyne @ saratoga |
General Gates
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Burgoyne vs. Gates
oct 17, 1777 Gates surrounds Brits= brit surrender signif: major turning point- alliance with france |
Saratoga
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led brit troops in North
what: had good start> 2 defeats> saratoga loss |
General Burgoyne
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natural american diplomat who was popular among the French and helped American cause
signif: after news of victory at Saratoga> France recognized US as soverign nation |
Ben Franklin
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an american general in 1778 who led and expedition and captured illionois from Brits.
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General Rogers Clark
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an american commander who became a traitor to american army by conspiring with brits to betray patriots at west point on the hudson river. scheme was discovered before it occured
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Benedict Arnold
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brit commander in south. won battle @SC. lost @ king's Mt. against Greene- used small contingents> abandoned campaign. went to yorktown to wait for ships. sent a deputy to surrender
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General Cornwallis
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commander in chief of french expedition in america
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Count Jean Baptiste de Rochambeau
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commander of french fleet in american water who tried to trap cornwallis @ yorktown. provoked outcries in brit against the war
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admiral francas joseph paul de grasse
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american diplomat in france.
1. met with brit emissaries 2. proceeded on own w/o france why: to talk inforamlly. signif: prelim. treaty w/ GB |
John Jay
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brits and americans meet on sept 3 1783. recognize us independence and territory frp, S border of canada to N boundary of FL to Mississippi River
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Treaty of Paris
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MD statesman and catholic lay leader who advised many catholics to support patriots.
how: french alliance= catholic troops> decrease in hostilities towards catholics signif: gained strength as an insititution. US gets own heirarchy from Vatican he becomes head of Cath. mission in America 1st bishop archbishop of baltimore |
Father John Carroll
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who: women who joined their male relatives at camps of patriot armies
what: increase army morale, cooked, cleaned why: econ. necessity signif: after war gender roles went back to "normal" raised question about women's roles |
Camp Followers
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leading essayist of late 18th century
what: wrote that women's minds were as good as men's and deserved education signif: few reforms became law or became pracitces. unmarried= some legal rights married- no rights |
Judith Sargent Murray
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