Ap Us -Ch #29- Cold War

Front 1

Policy that said U.S. should get 85% of demands. U.S. actually forced to settle for much less

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Truman's "Get Tough" Policy

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lead communist armies in China (1927- on). controlled 1/4 of the population by 1945. Cause Truman to continue to support Chiang

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Mao Zedong

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Doctrine- said that US should support free people who resist attempted subjugation by armed minorities or outside pressures.

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Truman Doctrine (1947)

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policy to try to limit threat of soviet expansion

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containment

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An American Diplomat who warned that in the Soviet Union the US faced a forced that believed that with the US there could be no "permanent modus vivendi" the only solution is long term containment

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George Kennan

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plan by Sec. Of State in 1947- provide economic assistance to all eastern Europe (including Soviets)
* Russia & satellites reject=> 16 western euro nations participate
** Economic Cooperation Administration implements plan by giving $12 billion to Europe=> economic revival

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Marshall Plan

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supervisory body to oversee all nuclear research (1946)

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Atomic Energy Commission

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gave president expanded power to pursue nations international goals. created: Dept. of Defense, National Security Council, CIA

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National Security Act (1947)

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part of NSA- oversee all branches of armed services

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Dept. of Defense

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part of NSA- govern foreign and military policy

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National Security Council

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part of NSA- replace wartime office of Strategic Services; responsible for collecting info in open & covert methods. > secret political/ military operations

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Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)

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organization formed in 1949 by 12 countries. declare that armed attack against 1 member is attack against all; maintain standing military in europe.

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North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)

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formed by soviets in response to NATO. alliance of eastern europe

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Warsaw Pact

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result of Stalin's bloackade of Berlin (1948)=> cause Truman to airlift in materials for 10 months- symbol of West's resistance to Communist expansion

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Berlin Airlift

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Place where Chiang fled with political allies- left Chinese mainland under Communist control. US doesn't recognize new regime.

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Taiwan

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outlined shift in American position- US can no longer depend on other nation to resist communism. called for expansion of American military power

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NSC-68
(National Security Council Report)

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anti-communist (nominally democratic) leader put in control of South Korean govt .
> N. Korean govt tries to take over= 1950 Truman orders American military to assist S. Korea

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Syngman Rhee

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American govt went through this part of the UN to achieve a resolution calling for international assistance to Rhee govt

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UN Security Council

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commanded UN operation in Korea

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Douglas MacArthur

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Truman: once China enters war tries to negotiate solution- no wider war

MacArthur: resists limits on military discretion- should attack China itself.

*Truman relieves MacArthur after Martin Letter

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Truman- MacArthur Controversey

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formed to fight inflation, hold down prices, and discourage high union wage demands.
> failed.

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Office of Defense Mobilization

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what: the changing of economy back to peacetime
b/c of atomic bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki- war ends sooner than expected= lack of planning for _______.
Truman hastens this process due to public pressure => econ. problem

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reconversion

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provided for economic and education assistance to veterans
increased govt spending= helps with economic problems

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Servicemen's Readjustment Act/ GI Bill (1944)

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who: Truman
what: outlines 21-pt domestic program
expansion for social security benefits, increase minimum wage to 65 cents per hour, prog. for full employment through federal spending, permanent Fair Employment Practices Act, public housing & slum clearance, long range environmental & public works, govt promotion of scientific research
later added= nationalization of atomic energy, national health insurance
signif: Crippled by republicans and conservatives

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Fair Deal

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who: senator- influential Rep. conservative
what: told consumers to "Eat Less" in response to rising cost of meat
signif: congress refused to appropriate funds to aid education, increase social security, increase min. wage, or support reclamation prog in West. DID cut taxes

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Robert Taft

Front 26

this outlowed the "closed-shop"
permits statses to pass "right-to-work" laws
allowed president to call for a "cooling off" period before a strike
signif: Truman vetoed- houses overide

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Taft-Harley Act

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who: Mayor of Minneapolis
what: engineered civil rights plank to be apart of Truman's platform
signis: angers S. conservatives

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Hubert Humphrey

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also known as States' Rights Party
formed when Dem. incorporate civil rights

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Dixiecrat Party

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Dixiecrat's presidential nominee- 1948

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Strom Thurmond

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presidential nominee by Progressive Party- 1948
objected to ineffective domestic policies of Truman & resented confrontational stance toward Soviets

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Henry Wallace

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republican pres. nominess- 1948
subdued statesman like campaign
expected to win election
Truman wins- Dem. Congress

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Thomas Dewey

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provided for constuction of 810,000 units of low--income housing with long term rent subsidies
* inadequate funding hurts program. doesn't achieve goal until 1972

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National Housing Act

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filmaking that originated in France
dark lighting
potrayed lonliness of individual in an impersonal world- looming possibility of vast destruction

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film noir

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held publicized investigation to prove that under DEm rule the govt had tolerated communism subversion

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House Un-AMerican Activities Committee (HUAC)

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former communist writers and producers
called to testify- refuse to answer questions about political beliefs= jailed for contempt

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Hollywood Ten

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high ranking member of State DEpt.
HUAC files disloyalty charges against

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Alger Hiss

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former communist agent. turned against party=> editor for Time Magazine.
told HUAC Hiss passed classified State Dept info to soviets in 1937 &1938
- sued by Hiss for slander
-provides "pumpkin papers"

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Whittaker Chambers

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freshman Rep. Congressman from CA & HUAC member
gets Hiss convicted of perjury
caused Americans to think comminists had infiltrated the govt

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Richard Nixon

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requires all communist organizations to register with govt and to publish records and created other restrictions on 'subversive' activity
truman vetoes, congress overides

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McCarran Internal Security Act

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members of communist party
blamed for conspiracy of giving Soviets details on the manufacture of the atomic bomb.

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Julius & Ethel Rosenberg

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raised a paper and said it had the name of 205 known communists currently working in American State Dept.
emerged as most prominent leader against domestic subversion
never provided solid evidence

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Joseph McCarthy

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anitcommunist fervor
followers can channel resentments: fear of communism, animosity towards E. establishments

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McCarthyism

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dem. pres. nominee - 1952

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Adia Stevenson

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rep. pres nominee - 1952
military war hero, commander of nato, pres of Columbia unviersity
chose Nixon as running mate

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Dwight Eisenhower

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speech given by Nixon
neturalized accusations of financial improprities

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Checkers Speech