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147 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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led by Roscoe Conkling
NY want traditional politics |
stalwart
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led by James Blaine
Maine reform |
half breeds
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unwillingness of Hayes wife to permit alocohlic beverages in white house
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Lemonade Lucy
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required some federal jobs be filled by completeing written exams and not patronage
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Pendleton Act
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he was a halfbreed and veteran congressman
elected president in 1879 appts by reform=> angers stalwarts=shot= dies 3 months later |
James Garfield
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he was a stalwart
vice president to Garfield takes over after Garfield's death; followed independent course & promoted reform |
Chester Arthur
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democratic nominee for pres. in 1884
narrow victory/ heavy catholic vote "veto governor" tariff's become issue of 1888 |
Grover Cleveland
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he was a former senator of IN; republcan nominee 1888
endorsed protection by tariffs |
Benjamin Harrison
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passed in july 1890
antitrust legislation passed as symbolic measure not enforced |
Sherman AntiTrust Act
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by William McKinley
highest protective measure proposed to Congress caused loss of public support in 1890 election |
McKinley Tariff
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People's Party candidate in 1890
advocated economic reforms Cleveland won the election |
James Weaver
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tariff reduction by Cleveland= house approved but Senate weakened
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Wilson-Gorman Tariff
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ruled Granger laws in IL unconstitutional- an attempt to control interstate commerce
RR regulation could onlny come from fed. govt |
Wabash Case
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banned disc. rates between long and short hauls, RR publish rate schedules and rail rates must be reasonable
haphazardly enforce w/o effect |
Interstate Commerce Act & Commision
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led by Oliver Kelley
bring farmers together focus on econmics in 1875 organize market cooperatives, circumvent middle man |
Grangers
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farmers in south
establish stores and facilities to get rid of middle man mutual responsibility. promote cooperation |
Farmers' Alliance
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populist orator (females had full voting rights in farmer's alliance)
urge farmers to raise less corn and more hell |
Mary Lease
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southern and NW alliance
party platform |
Oscala Demands
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southern leader who supports forming own party
only congressman to openly identify with farmer's allaince |
Tom Watson
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july 1892
nominate James Weaver principally farmers. not attract significant labor support attracts miners |
Populists
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permit silver to become basis of currency so as to excpand the $$ supply
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Free Silver
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system of subtreasuries; network of warehouses farmers could deposit crops= collateral
borrow $$ at decreased interests & wait for price of goods to increase want abolition of coroporate owned banks, want direct election of US senators, want govt regulation of RR & telephones |
Omaha Platform- 1892
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march 1893
Philly and Reading RR declare bankruptcy national cordage co. falls to short> collapse of stock market > bank failures longe range causes: drop in agric. $= decrease in purchasing power of farmers, RR expands too rapidly 8000 businesses, 156 RR, 400 banks failed |
Panic 1893
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jacob coxey, OH businessmen & populist
advocate public works to create jobs & inflate currency. marched unemployed to D.C. police barr them from capitol= congress took No action |
Coxey's Army
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recongnize gold and silver as basis for $$
used bu U.S. for most of its existence 1870s =16 oz. silver= 1 oz. of gold mint stops coining silver |
bimetalism
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required govt to purchase silver in gold
cleveland repeats= permanent split in Dem. Party. aligns south and west democrat against him and eastern |
Sherman Silver Purchase Act
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party bus OH- republican party
nominates William Mckinley |
Marcus Hanna
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congressman for nebraska
"Cross of Gold" speech support free silver convention of dem. adopts pro-silver platform pres. nominee-- youngest person nominee-36 |
Willam Jennings Bryan
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populist joins with democrats so not to divide support for free silver
didnt support other populisty views> dissolve of people's party |
fusion
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done by Rep- McKinley
didnt actively participate in campaigning = recieve pilgrimages from Rep. organized by Hanna McKinley wins Pres. election |
front-porch campaign
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confirmed nation's committement to gold standard by assigning gold value to dollar
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currency/ Gold Standard Act 1900
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expanision of 1890s
aquiring possession seperate from continental US |
New Mainfest Destiny
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mass. senator and imperialist
"us must not fall out of line of march" |
Henry Cabot Lodge
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in Harpers' Magazine- english speaking ppl would evenutally control every land
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John Fiske
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congretional clergyman
Our Country and Its Possible Future and its Present Crisis delcared anglo-saxon race divenly commisioned to spread its instiutions |
Josiah Strong
1885 |
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founders of columbia university & school of political science
nations possessed highest political talents; duty to uplift lesser people |
John W. Burgess
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ablest and most effective imperialist
the Influence of Sea Power Upon History- 1890 countries w/ sea power were the great nations of history need a productive domestic economy; foreign commerce, strong merchant marine, and a navy |
Alfred Thayer Mahan
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sec of state- 1880s
led efforts to expand influence to latin america pan-america congress> creates Pan-American Union= international organization in washington- clearing house for distributing info to member nations |
JAmes Blaine
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sec of state
charged Britain for violating monroe doctrine dispute between GB and Venzuela over boundary between venez. and british guiana (US backs venez.) |
Richard Olney and Venzuela
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est. dominance over other chieftans of HI- 1810
welcomed american traders |
King Kamehameha I
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boston trader
1st american to buy land and establish a sugar plantation in HI |
William Hooper
1830s |
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american settler, prime minister HI, under King Kamehameha III
established constitutional monarchy=gov HI for 10 years |
G.P. Judd
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challenged American power for 2 years
american planters create revolution- US help |
Queen Liliuokalani
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a sensational style of writing
used by Heart and Pulitzer glaring headlines, color, comics |
yellow journalism
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leader of the cuban revolution party
killed in cuba- 1895 |
Jose Marti
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spanish minister in washington
cuban agent stole letter> gave to newspaper> created intensive popular anger |
Dupoy de Lome
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this ship blew up- 200 dead; was blamed on spanish although in reality it was an internal explosion
created war hysteria |
USS Maine
"Remember the Maine" |
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assistant sec of navy
wanted war april 25- declare war |
theodore roosevelt
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sec of state-
called it a "splendid little war" it was over april-august450 killed by battle 5200 by disease |
John Hay
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commander of navy's pacific squad
sent to attack spanish in phillipines= manila bay >destroyed spanish fleet> becomes admiral |
George Dewey
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led by general Leonard Wood and Colonel Ted Roosevelt
calvary unit it El Caney & San Juan Hill |
Rough Riders
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annexation of this territory creates controversey
b/c it had a wealthy spanish class & african work force- slavery ( abolished 1873) |
Puerto Rico
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ended military rule in Puerto Rico & est. a formal colonial govt.
US can amend/veto legislation |
Foraker Act (1900)
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declared Puerto Rico a US territory= American citizens
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Jones Act (1917)
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this caused debate> controlling lg. pop. power 1000s mi away
america gave $20 million to spain and gained this. |
Phillipines
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carnegie, twain, gompers, and others
believe imperialism is immoral= polluting american population fight against annexation-1898 |
Anti-Imperialist League
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this barred Cuba from making treaties, gave US right to intervene to preserve independence &property ,& allowance of american naval stations
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Platt Amendment
1901 |
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phrase for:
american capital in Cuba- absentee american ownership produce intermittent revolts against Cuban govt. american troops occupied island |
Yankee Imperialism
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he claimed to lead Filipino govt
harried american army for 3+ years large popular following= increased brutality of american tactics |
Emilio Aguinaldo
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american commander in Phillipines
captured Aguinalado -1901 |
General Arthur MacArthur
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1st civilian governor of philipinnes
said american mission was to prepare philipine for indendence built roads, bridges, sewers, public health system indep, July 4, 1946 |
William Howard Taft
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by John Hay (sec of state)
each antion w/ sphere of influence in china respects rights and priveleges of other nations in its sphere; chinese officials collect tariff in all spheres |
open door
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secret chinese martial arts society- revolts against foreigners in china
climax @Peking |
Boxer Rebellion
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sec of war for McKinley
created new military system regular army-25,000; federal army stand for national officer training school |
Elihu Root
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general staff to act as military advisors to sec of war
most important=central planning agency supervise and coordinate army est. Army and Navy Board= foster cooperation |
Joint Chiefs of Staff
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term defined by Roosevelt
predominantly white and anglo-saxon (teutonic) nations |
"Civilized" nations
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term defined by Roosevelt
nonwhite, latin, slavic nations based on lack of economic development |
"uncivilzed" nations
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American Navy was temporarily painted white
16 ships sent around the world to remind Japan of potential of US |
Great White Fleet
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said that Us had right not only to oppose Euro intervention in western hempisphere but also to intervene itself into the domestic affairs of its neighbors of those neighbors unable to maintain order and national soveriegnty on their own
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Roosevelt Corollary
1904 |
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linked Atlantic and pacific through channel in central america
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Panama Canal
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William Taft (pres)
extended american investments into less developed regions ex. intervention in Nicaragua on side of insurgents= american bankers give loans to new govt=leverage |
Dollar Diplomacy
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Wilson doesnt recognize new Mexican govt under Huerta b/c murdered previous Madero
Huerta est. military dictatorship in Oct. w/ support of america business wilson uses pretext of ninor naval dispute to sieze MX port of Veracruz= brink of war |
Moral Diplomacy
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rebel army leader of MX
wilson briefly supports, but _____ feels betrayed by US- shoots 16 american miners. kills 17 more americans |
Pancho Villa
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led American expeditionary force to pursue Villa
didn't find but skirmish with Carranza Army- brink of war= wilson withdrew= recognize Carranza regime |
General Pershing
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belief in progress- society capable of improvement, growth is nation's destiny
direct human intervention in social and economic affrairs= essential to betterin society |
progressivism
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fear of concentrated power and urge to limit and disperse authority and wealth
workers, farmers, mid-class americans govt break up trusts @ state and national level |
Antimonopoly
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1st people to articulate spirit reform- journalists
expose scandal, corruption, and injustice to public major target= RR trusts |
muckrackers
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muckraker
study of standard oil trust- 1904 |
Ida Tarbell
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reporter for McClure's mag
portrait of machine govt and boss rule expose: boodiers" in cities. tone= studied moral outrage- The Shame of the Cities |
Lincoln Steffans
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within American Protestantism
reddem nations cities; social justice |
social gospel
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began in england
christian social welfare org. offered material aid and spiritual center to urban poor |
Salvation Army
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protestant theologian w/ socialist inc. NY
published discourse on postualte for human salvation through christian reform all individuals should work to endure humanitarian evolution of social fabric |
Walter Rauschenbusch
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catholic liberal
worked to expand scope of catholic social welfare organization after hearing words of Pope Leo XIII- Rerum Novarum |
Father John Ryan
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she settled Hull House- 1889, Chicago
staffed by educated mid-class to help immigrant families adapt to language and customs of new country |
Jane Addams
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established in 1901
strict scientific stanards for admission to practice of medicine; doctors protect standards |
American Medical Association
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founded in 1893- Baltimore
medical school |
John Hopkins
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doctor/teacher @ Hopkins
more students out of classrooms and into laboratories & clinics |
William H. Welch
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bring business owners together in information sharing capacity
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US Chamber of Commerce
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relationship where one woman lives with another in long term relationship
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Boston Marriages
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large network of women's association
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clubwomen
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1892-coordinate activities for local oprganizations
by 20th c.= more focused on contributing to social betterment |
General Federation of Women's Clubs
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black woman
model after white woman clubs but also focus on concerns to blacks= crusade against lynching and segregation |
National Association of Colored Women
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committed feminist
Women and Economics- traditional gender roles are exploitive -women's clubs didnt acept such open arguments |
Charlotte Perkins Gilman
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agency directed to develop policies to protect children
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Children's Bureau
1912 |
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female union members and upper class reformers
persuade women to join unions; public meetings on behlaf of female workers, raise $$ for strikes, picket lines |
Women's Trade Union League- 1903
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leaders of the National American Woman Suffrage Association
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Anna Howard Shaw
Carrie Chapman Catt |
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this guaranteed political rights to women throughout nation
did little to support arguments of suffragists after enfranchised |
19th amendment
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said 19th amendment was not sufficient to protect women's rights- adovocates EQUAL RIGHTS AMENDMENT- clear legal protection of rights and forbid deiscrimnation on the basis of sex
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National Women's Party
Alice Paul |
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in 1911 146 workers dies after trapped in burning building b/c fire exists were locked
>>state commision stidies industrial workplace= called for reforms |
Triangle Shirtwaist Fire
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wrote Souls of Black Folk-1903
attack on philosophy of B.T.Washington's Atlanta Compromise advocated that blacks accept nothing less than full universal education. immediate restoration of civil rights |
W.E.B. Dubois
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started by Dubois and supporters- 1905
meet initially at Niagara Falls drive for equal rights |
NAACP
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adopted in 1880s and 1890s
printed by govt, distributed at polls, deposited in secret help chip away at party power |
Secret ballot
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gaveston, TX 1900
mayor and council replaced with elected nonpartisan commision |
commision plan
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elected offical hire outside expert to take charge of govt
ideally manager would be untainted |
city-manager plan
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reform mayor of Cleveland
waged war against powerful streetcar interests loered fare to 3 cents, municipal ownership on basic utlities |
Tom Johnson
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allowed reformers to circumvent state legislatures by submitting new legislation to voters in general elections
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initiative
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actions of leg. could be returned to electorate for approval
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referendum
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take selection of candidates away from bosses and give to people
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direct primary
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voters have a right to remove a public official from office at special election called if enough citizens sign a petition
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recall
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state level reformer; governor of wisonsin
turned state into "laboratory of progressivism" approved direct primaries, initatives, referendum, regualtion of RR & utlities, workplace, graduated tax |
Robert LaFollete
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org. outside parties designed to pressure to members' bidding
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interest groups
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led by Francis Willard-1873
single largest women's org. in 1911 w/ 245,000 publicized evils of alcohol |
Women's Christian Temperance Union
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pressed for specific leg. solution & legal abolition of saloons- grew to include prohibiton of sale of alcohol
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Anti-Saloon League- 1893
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this amendment enacted prohibition
1920 |
18th amendment
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sci. of altering reproductive process of plants and animals to produce new hybrids or breeds
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eugenics
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elaborate study that newer immigrants were less assimable than earlier immigrants
should be resticted by nationalitity |
Dillingham Report
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led by "Big Bill" Haywood
adovate single union for all workers and abolition of "wage slave" system favors strikes championed unskilled workers |
IWW
Wobblies |
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lawyer and supreme ct. justice
Other People's Money- oppose nginess b/c limits ability of individual to control destiny |
Louis Brandeis
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said that govt needed to distinguish between "good trusts" and "bad trusts"
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Herbert Croly
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amendment that said senators are directly elected by people
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17th amendment- 1913
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1903- investigate activities of corp. & publicize results through Bureau of Corporations
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Dept. of Commerce and Labor
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$400 million by J.P. Morgan, E.H. Hariman, RR Monopoly
roosevelt uses Sherman Anti-Trust Act on company to dissolve |
Northern Securities Co.
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united mineworkers- 1902
roosevelt sends in fed. arbitrators= 10% wage increase and nine hour workday but no union recognition |
Anthracite Coal Strike
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name of roosevelt's policy
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Square Deal
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resotred regualtory authority to govt for RR-1906
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Hepburn RR regulation Act
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restrict scale of dangerous or ineffective medicines
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Pure Food and Drug Act
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eliminate diseases once transmitted in impure meat
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Meat inspection Act
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chief forrester
seized forest and water sites in public domain before bill of restricting pres. authority over public land became law director of National Forest Service |
Gifford Pinchot
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support rational and efficient human use of wilderness
est. govt role as manager of development of wilderness |
National Forest Service
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sponsored by Francis Newlands
fed. fund for contruction of dams, reservoirs, and canals in the west |
national reclamation act/ newlands act
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protect natural beauty of land from human intrusion
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preservation
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leading preservationist and foudner of Sierra Club
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John Muir
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protect public lands from any exploitation or development at all
1st in Yellowstone-1872 |
National Park System
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this valley experience disputes when residents want to put in a dam and preservationists oppose
1906- construction apporoved. a decade of battle- |
Hetch Hetchy
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caused b/c industrial products outran markets
conservatives blamed roosevelt's "mad" economic policies roosevelt doesn't interfere in corp. recovery efforts |
Panic 1907
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J.P. Morgan
US steel purchase shares in ______= panic of 1907 subsided |
Tennessee and Coal Iron Co.
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pres (1909)- handpicked successor
1 term. tended to please conservatives Payne -ALdrich Tariff- reduce rates scarely |
William Howard Taft
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roosevelt
sept 1, 1910 osawatomie, KS said he moved away from cautious conservatism social justice through strong fed. govt |
new nationalism
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roosevelt
created party after Taft recieved rep. nomination in 1912 -little support |
Progressive/ Bull Moose PArty
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Woodrow Wilson
progressive; bigness was unjust and proper way to deal with monopoly is to destroy it |
New Freedom
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provided sunstantial cuts, introduce real competition to american markets
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Underwood-Simmons Tariff
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this put in place a graduated income tax
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16th amendment
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created 12 regional banks, owned and controlled by individual banks of its districts.
hold certain % of assets of member banks use to support loans to private banks with interests |
Federal Reserve Act
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regulatory agency to help businesses determine in advance whether actions were acceptable to govt
launch prosecution against "unfair trade practices" wilson eagerly signed |
Federal Trade Commision Act
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wilson didnt strongly endorse= weakens
vigourous legal pursuit of monopoly didnt happen |
Clayton Anti-Trust Act
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1916- 1st federal law regulating child labor
prohibit shipment of goods produce by underage kids across state lines invalidated 1918 |
Keating-Owen
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offered matching fed grants to states that support agriculture exstention educ.
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Smith-Lever Act - 1914
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