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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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who:Portugese monarch
When:mid 15th century what: advanced shipbuilding and navigational knowledge why: gain control of Asian trade routes and establish a Christian empire Where: West Coast of Africa significance: new techniques allowed growth of Euro-Asian trade and caused other nations to undertake overseas exploration |
Prince Henry the Navigator
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who:Spanish explorer
when:1492 where: the Caribbean how: $ support from Ferdinand and Isabella why: 1. find all water route to Asia 2. religious motive-divine mission 3.personal fame and wealth 4.nationalism signif: 1. spain emerges as dominate sea power 2. opens euro colonization to "new world" 3. oppression and transfer of wealth from Natives 4. Columbian exchange |
Columbus
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who: monarchs of Aragon & Castile who married and made Spain the strongest monarchy- sponsored commercial ventures (sponsored Columbus)
when: 15th c. where: Spain |
Ferdinand & Isabella
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Who: portugese explorer employed by Spain
What: found strait that led to Pacific Ocean & 1st circumnavigation around globe |
Magellan
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who: spanish conquistadore seeking treasure in Mexico
what: est. reputation as most brutal spanish conquistadore after conquering Aztecs when: 1518 Why: wanted to spread Catholicism & sought riches where: Cuba, Central America how: ruthless war techniques; smallpox |
Cortez
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who:spanish conquistadore
what: conquered Peru & revealed wealth in the Incas when: 1532-1538 why: sought fortunes signif: opened way for other advances into South America |
Pizarro
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licenses to exact labor from natives
when: spanish exploration (16th c) why: control of labor in terrioty gave control of land how: from crown |
encomiendas
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what: spanish laws banning brutal military conquest
when: 1570s why: limit brutality of spanish explorers where: New World; America signif: Spanish expanded colonization in America |
Ordinances of Discovery
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what: spanish military bases
when: 1500s where: Americas why: protect missions from hostile natives |
presidios
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what: 1st permanent European settlement in US
when: 1565 why: military outpost, admin. center for missionaries where: tip of FL signif: not an effort at colonization it set precedent for following settlements |
St. Augustine
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what: European disease that killed many natives
when: 16th c why: natives lacked immunity to new disease |
smallpox
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what: people of mixed race
when :1500s where: Spanish empire why: intermarriage of europeans with natives signif: racial hierarchy developed |
mestizo
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who: french missionaries
what: 2st to penetrate indian societies when :1600s |
Jesuits
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who: English explorer
what: sailed to N. America- unsuccessful in finding NW passage when: 1497 how: $ support from King Henry VII |
Cabot
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what: book describing a perfect society on imaginary island
when: published 1516 (Latin) signif: showed social ills & economic ills of England |
Sir Thomas Moore's Utopia
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what: movement that converted fields for crops to pastures for sheeps
when: Tudor Times why: gain more $ from growing wool trade signif: 100s of evicted tenants formed gangs & begged. limited ablility to feed population |
Enclosure Movement
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who: Muscovoy Company, Levant Co., Barbary CO., Guinea Co., East India Co.
when:1555-1600 What: aquired charter from monarch giving them a monopoly in trade region |
charter companies
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what: goal of economic activity is to increase nation's total wealth
how: extract wealth from foreign lands and export as little wealth as possible signif: increased compeition of nations for colonies |
mercantilism
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who: Oxford Clergyman & english propagandist
what: said colonies would create new markets and siphone off surplus population |
Richard Hakluyt
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who:swiss theolgian
what: said people were destined to be saved or not before birth when: reformation-1500s how: spread incentive to lead pure lifestyle |
John Calvin's Predestination
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Who: wanted to "purify" the church
what: reforms along more radical religious ideas signif: look for refuge outside of England |
Puritans
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who:radical Puritans
what: determined to worship as they pleased how: rejected religious roles of women: women= preachers in some places |
Puritan Seperatists
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what: transplantation of English society in foreign area
why:settlements remain seperate from native population where: first practiced in Ireland then New World |
Plantation Model
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who: adventurous french fur traders and trappers
where: French settlements in N. America what: set up exstensive trade with Indians how: developed partnerships by becoming apart of native society |
courers de bois
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what: french agricultural estates
where: St. Lawrence River how: able to be set up thanks to courers de bois |
seignuries
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who: indian tribe; algonquian enemy
what: held central role in English fur trade |
Iroquis
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who: indian tribe; eastern woodlands
what: allied themselves with the French why: believed french would help against Iroquis |
Algonquian
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who: english explorer employed by Dutch
what: sailed up river in current day NY why: believed he found water route to Pacific signif: Dutch claimed territory in America=> perm. Dutch presence |
Henry Hudson
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what: New dutch town with diverse population
when: 1624 where: colony of New Netherlands how: Dutch West India Co. brought families to New World from Holland & N. Europe. granted feudal states to landlords if they brought immigrants |
New Amsterdam
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what: large feudal estates
when:1624 where: New Netherland Colony why: incentive for landlords to bring more immigrants to America |
patroons
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what: 2st enduring english settlement in New World
when: 1607 where: VA |
Jamestown
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what: Philip II attempted to enter England
when: 1570s where: Eng. Channel how: largest military fleet in history Why: bring France back to Catholic Church WHAT WAS THE RESULT? |
small english fleet beat the entire armada=>ends Spain's Atlantic domination. led England to explore
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WHO: english colonization pioneer and veteran of Ireland colonization
what: recieved 6-yr land grant from Queen Elizabeth when: 1580s signif: recruited cousin to found Roanoke |
Sir Walter Raleigh
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who: cousin of Raleigh & explorer
what: led group to Roanoke where: near NC signif: antagonzed natives by burning village for minor theft. settlers left when ships returned |
Sir Richard Grenvile
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what: place where first english attempts at permanent settlement took place
when: 1585, 1587 how: left colonist in New World; delayed return due to hostilities with Spain. colony gone when returns 3 years later. "Croatoan" |
Roanoke
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who: daughter of Roanoke commander, John White
what: 1st american- born child of english parents when: 1587 where: roanoke |
Virginia Dare
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