A/p Unit 7 - Nervous

Front 1

associative / connecting neuron

Back 1

nerves that carry impulses from one neuron to another

Front 2

ascending / afferent tracks

Back 2

groups of nerve fibers that carry impulses towards the brain

Front 3

descending / efferent tracks

Back 3

groups of nerve fibers that carry nerve impulses away from the brain

Front 4

soma

Back 4

another name for the cell body

Front 5

nerve fibers

Back 5

dendrites and axons

Front 6

dendrite

Back 6

root-like structures that receive impulses and transmit them toward the cell body

Front 7

axon

Back 7

stem extending away from the cell body and transmitting impulses away

Front 8

neurolemma

Back 8

tube-like membrane that covers nerve fibers

Front 9

neurotransmitter

Back 9

chemical substance that allows a signal to move from one neuron to another

Front 10

oligo-

Back 10

few

Front 11

ganglia

Back 11

neuron cell bodies grouped together outside of the CNS

Front 12

plexus

Back 12

network of intersecting nerves or vessels

Front 13

innervation

Back 13

supply or stimulation of a body part through the action of nerves

Front 14

receptors

Back 14

sensory organs that receive external stimulation and transmit that information to the sensory neurons

Front 15

proprioceptive

Back 15

receptors of spacial orientation or perception of movement

Front 16

nociceptive

Back 16

receptors of pain

Front 17

stimulus

Back 17

something that excites or activates

Front 18

impulse

Back 18

wave of excitation transmitted through nervous tissue

Front 19

reflex

Back 19

automatic, involuntary response to change

Front 20

encephal/o

Back 20

combining form for brain

Front 21

myel/o

Back 21

combining form for spinal cord

Front 22

epidural

Back 22

located above the dura mater

Front 23

subdural

Back 23

area located below the dura mater and above the arachnoid membrane

Front 24

dura mater

Back 24

thick, tough outer layer of the meninges

Front 25

arachnoid membrane

Back 25

second layer of the meninges; resembles a web

Front 26

pia mater

Back 26

deepest layer of the meninges; soft and tender, vasculated, adheres to CNS

Front 27

subarachnoid

Back 27

space located below the arachnoid membrane and above the pia mater; contains cerebrospinal fluid

Front 28

crani/o

Back 28

combining form for skull

Front 29

cerebr/o

Back 29

combining form for cerebrum

Front 30

cerebral cortex

Back 30

outer region of the brain made up of gray matter arranged in folds

Front 31

cerebell/o

Back 31

combining form for cerebellum

Front 32

cerebellum

Back 32

second largest part of the brain that coordinates muscle activity

Front 33

vermis

Back 33

inner portion of the cerebellum that is worm-like

Front 34

foramen magnum

Back 34

opening in the occipital bone of the skull the spinal cord passes through

Front 35

intervertebral disk

Back 35

layers of fibrocartilage that form pads separating and cushioning the vertebrae from each other

Front 36

nucleus pulposus

Back 36

inner vertebral disk layer; gelatinous

Front 37

annulus fibrosis

Back 37

outer vertebral disk layer; fibrous

Front 38

myelography

Back 38

diagnostic study of the spinal cord after injection of contrast material

Front 39

myelogram

Back 39

record of spinal cord after injection of contact material

Front 40

coma

Back 40

deep state of unconciousness

Front 41

stupor

Back 41

impaired consciousness with unresponsiveness to stimuli

Front 42

syncope

Back 42

fainting; sudden fall in blood pressure or cardiac systole resulting in cerebral anemia and loss of consciousness

Front 43

catalepsy

Back 43

waxing rigidity of muscles accompanied by a trancelike state

Front 44

concussion

Back 44

shaking of the brain caused by injury

Front 45

amnesia

Back 45

memory loss

Front 46

poli/o

Back 46

gray

Front 47

poliomyelitis

Back 47

inflammation fo the grey matter of the brain and spinal cord

Front 48

paraplegia

Back 48

paralysis of the lower body in bipeds (or hind limbs in quadrupeds)

Front 49

para-

Back 49

in reference to the nervous system, means "hind or lower portion"

Front 50

-paresis

Back 50

weakness

Front 51

ataxia

Back 51

without coordination; stumbling

Front 52

hyperesthesia

Back 52

excessive sensitivity

Front 53

discospondylitis

Back 53

destructive, inflammatory disorder that involves the intervertebral disks, vertebral end plates, and vertebral bodies

Front 54

epilepsy

Back 54

recurrent seizures of non-systemic origin or of intracranial disease

Front 55

ptosis

Back 55

prolapse or drooping

Front 56

opisthotonos

Back 56

tetanic spasm in which the head and the tail are bent dorsally and the back is arched

Front 57

vestibular disease

Back 57

neurologic disorder characterized by head tilt, nystagmus, rolling, falling, and circling

Front 58

nystagmus

Back 58

involuntary, rhythmic movement of the eye

Front 59

anesthesia

Back 59

absence of sensation

Front 60

general anesthesia

Back 60

absence of sensation and consciousness

Front 61

epidural anesthesia

Back 61

absence of sensation to a region after injection of a chemical into the epidural space

Front 62

analgesia

Back 62

without pain; pain relief

Front 63

nodes of ranvier

Back 63

unmyelinated areas of the axon between two adjacent cells that are involved in rapid conduction of nerve impulses along the axon

Front 64

cataplexy

Back 64

sudden attacks of muscular weakness and hypotonia triggered by an emotional response

Front 65

paraparesis

Back 65

weakness of the lower body (bipeds) or hind limbs (quadrupeds)

Front 66

electroencephalography
(EEG)

Back 66

process of recording electrical activity of the brain

Front 67

hippocampus

Back 67

portion of the brain that involves memory

Front 68

BAR

Back 68

bright, alert, and responsive

Front 69

cerebrospinal fluid tap
(CSF tap)

Back 69

removal of cerebrospinal fluid by inserting a needle or catheter into the cisterna magna

Front 70

cisternal magna

Back 70

subarachnoid space between the caudal surface of the cerebellum and the dorsal surface of the medulla oblongata

Front 71

demyelinization

Back 71

destruction or loss of myelin

Front 72

paralysis

Back 72

loss of voluntary movement or ability

Front 73

hemiplegia

Back 73

paralysis of one side of the body

Front 74

tetraplegia / quadriplegia

Back 74

paralysis of all four limbs

Front 75

Horner's Syndrome

Back 75

collection of signs relating to injury of the cervical sympathetic innervation to the eye

Front 76

Horner's Syndrome -- signs

Back 76

sinking of the eyeball (enophthalmus), ptosis of the upper eyelid, pupil constriction, prolapse of the third eyelid

Front 77

spina bifida

Back 77

congenital anomaly in which the spinal canal does not close over the spinal cord

Front 78

cervical vertebral malformation
"wobbler's syndrome"

Back 78

abnormal formation or instability of the caudal cervical vertebrae that causes ataxia and incoordination; seen more often in horses / dogs