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68 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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free nerve ending is what
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a type of receptor in the skin, itchy feeling
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what are merkel discs and where are they found
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receptor found in epidermis
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what are merkel discs responsible for
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light touch and superficial pressure
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pacinian corpuscle is found where
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deep dermis and hypodermis
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what is responsible for proprioreception
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pacinian corpuscle
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what other that propio reception what is pacinian corpuscle responsible for
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deep pressure and vibration
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where are meissners corpuscles found
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in the papillae of the dermis
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what are meissners corpuscles responsible for
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fine touch
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what is ruffini's coruscles responsible
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continuous pressure
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where are ruffini found
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deep in the dermis
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muscle spindle is responsible for what
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muscle tone
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receptor types are based on what 2 things
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location and mode of stimulus
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where does awareness occur for receptors
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cerebral cortex
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what is interpertation based on usually
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previous experience
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what are phasic receptors
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generate a burst of action potential and then quickly adapt
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what are tonic receptors
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adapt slowly
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give an example of tonic receptor
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proprioreceptor
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what do receptors synapse with
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sensory neuron
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sensory input goes where for perception or interpertation
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somatosensory cortex
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what type of nerve is thermoreceptors
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phasic
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what type of nerve is mechanoreceptors (touch)
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phasic
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describe temperature change stimulation starting with threshold
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temperature changes and stimulates threshold; sensory input goes to the somatosenory cortex for preception; input gets sent to the hypothalamus (homeostatic regulation) the effect is put out
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what type of receptor feels pain
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nocireceptor
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what type of nocireceptor feels pain
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free nerve ending
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describe nocireceptors in the brain
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there are no nocireceptors in the brain except for in the meninges, where they cause headaches
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pain from the skin muscles and joints is called what
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somatic pain
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pain from visceral organs is called what
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visceral pain
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where are most pain receptors located
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somatic; the visceral pain sometimes gets confused (heart attack hurts left arm)
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injured tissues release what
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chemicals
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what is the most common pain stimulus
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bradykinin
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what 3 other chemicals stimulate nocireceptors in injured tissue
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seratonin, histamine, and prostaglandins
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where does the senory input go to for perception
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somatosensory cortex
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pain signals from the head travel to the brainstem by way of what
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cranial nerves
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pain signals from the body travel to the brain how
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spinal cord tracks
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what is reffered pain
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pain in the viscera often mistaken to be coming from the skin (heart attack;left arm)
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why is reffered pain confused?
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same nerve pathways, CNS gets them confused
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what is an acute pathway and describe
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pain pathway; rapid and localized quick to stop, and is a sharp pain
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what is a chronic pathway describe
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pain pathway; slow and difficult to localize, long lasting and dull pain
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why do people experience phantom pain
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the reflex pathway is still sending signals to the brain.
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what is pain assessment
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on a scale of 1-10 input from patient
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what 3 other chemicals stimulate nocireceptors in injured tissue
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seratonin, histamine, and prostaglandins
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where does the senory input go to for perception
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somatosensory cortex
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pain signals from the head travel to the brainstem by way of what
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cranial nerves
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pain signals from the body travel to the brain how
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spinal cord tracks
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what is reffered pain
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pain in the viscera often mistaken to be coming from the skin (heart attack;left arm)
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why is reffered pain confused?
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same nerve pathways, CNS gets them confused
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what is an acute pathway and describe
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pain pathway; rapid and localized quick to stop, and is a sharp pain
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what is a chronic pathway describe
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pain pathway; slow and difficult to localize, long lasting and dull pain
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why do people experience phantom pain
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the reflex pathway is still sending signals to the brain.
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what is pain assessment
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on a scale of 1-10 input from patient
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what are secreted by the cns, pituitary, and digestive tract in times of stress or exersize
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opioids
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where are the natural opioids found
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posterior horn in spinal cord
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what do natural opioids produce and what do they do
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second wind; block "substance p" or pain chemicals
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name 2 natural opioids
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enkephalin and endorphins
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what are some proprioreceptor types
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muscle spindles and tendon organs
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where are proprioreceptors found
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insertion of muscle
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for proprioreceptors, where does the sensory transmission go to
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brainstem and cerebellum
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sensory transmission going to the brainstem and cerebellum acheive what
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muscle equilibreum
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3 nerves of taste
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vagus, facial, glossopharyngeal
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describe how taste works
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chemical compounds dissolve in salive, bind to specific taste hairs, and trigger threshold
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what type of adaptation is taste
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phasic
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what are the 4 types of papillae
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circumvillate, fungiform, foliate, filiform
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what type of receptor is olfactory as far as sensitivity
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phasic
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what type of nerve receptors does olfactory have
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STEM CELLS olfactory nerve, free nerve endings
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how does smell work
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odorants bind to specific receptors triggering threshold
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where does sensory transmission occur for olfactory
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olfactory cortex in the temporal lobe
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what is the dormitory effect
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women together have a period together
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women are more _____ to smell than men
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sensitive
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