A&p Test 2 Lesson12

Front 1

the nervous system includes?

Back 1

all neural tissue in the body

Front 2

______ and _____ are the two kinds of cells neural TISSUE contains.

Back 2

1)neurons
2)neuroglia

Front 3

cells that send and receive signals are?

Back 3

neurons

Front 4

cells that support and protect neurons are?

Back 4

neuroglia

Front 5

_____ connect nervous system to other organ systems in the body.

Back 5

nerves

Front 6

the central nervous system consists of?

Back 6

spinal cord
brain

Front 7

what are the 3 things (2 tissues and 1 other thing) the central nervous system contains?

Back 7

1)neural tissue
2)connective tissues
3)blood vessels

Front 8

the functions of the central nervous system are to PROCESS AND COORDINATE these 3 things.

Back 8

1)sensory data (both inside and outside the body)
2)Motor commands (control of other organs)
3)higher functions of brain intelligence.

Front 9

the peripheral nervous system includes?

Back 9

all neural tissue OUTSIDE of the central nervous system.

Front 10

what are the 2 functions of the peripheral nervous system?

Back 10

1)deliver sensory information to the CNS
2)carry motor commands (to peripheral tissues and systems)

Front 11

what kind of nerves connect to the brain?

Back 11

Cranial nerves

Front 12

which kind of nerves attach to the spinal cord?

Back 12

spinal nerves

Front 13

the peripheral nervous system is divided into 2 divisions... what are they?

Back 13

Afferent division
Efferent division

Front 14

this division of the peripheral nervous system carries _____ INFORMATION FROM PNS TO CNS?

Back 14

Afferent division
sensory

Front 15

this division of the peripheral nervous system carries ______ commands FROM THE CNS TO PNS... also what 2 structures does it deliver to?

Back 15

Efferent division
motor commands
delivers to muscles and glands

Front 16

Receptors are located in which division of the peripheral nervous system?

Back 16

the afferent division

Front 17

these are used to detect changes or respond to stimuli, and are located in the afferent division?

Back 17

receptors

Front 18

receptors are located where? and respond to what type of stimuli?

Back 18

located in eyes and ears (as well as other complex sensory organs)... and respond to BOTH INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL STIMULI.

Front 19

the efferent division of the peripheral nervous system is composed of these 2 components?

Back 19

1)somatic nervous system
2)Autonomic nervous system

Front 20

the autonomic nervous system and the somatic nervous system are located in the _____ _____ of the ______ ______ ______,

Back 20

efferent division... peripheral nervous system

Front 21

this controls subconscious actions, contractions of smooth and cardiac muscle, as well as glandular secretions?

Back 21

Autonomic nervous system

Front 22

the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system does what?

Back 22

fight or flight mode STIMULATING EFFECT

Front 23

the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system does what?

Back 23

relaxes the effect of stimulation... RELAXER

Front 24

the basic fundamental units of the nervous system are?

Back 24

neurons

Front 25

the cytoplasm of a neuron is known as?

Back 25

perikaryon

Front 26

neurons have these 5 cellular components?

Back 26

1)large nucleus, and nucleolis
2)Perikaryon (cytoplasm)
3)mitochondria
4)RER
5)Ribosomes

Front 27

the neuron has ______ and ____ in place of microfilaments and microtubules.

Back 27

neurofilaments, and neurotubules

Front 28

bundles of neurofilaments that provide support for dendrites and axon within a neurons cytoskeleton are known as _____.

Back 28

neurofibrils

Front 29

what structure is responsible for the GRAY appearance of neural tissue?

Back 29

Nissl bodies

Front 30

dendrites take up ___-___% of a neurons surface area.

Back 30

80-90%

Front 31

what do DENDRITES do?

Back 31

receive information from other neurons at the dendritic spines.

Front 32

dendrites receive information from other neurons using the ____ ______.

Back 32

Dendritic spine.

Front 33

the long process that caries electrical signals to target cells (located in the neuron cell)?

Back 33

Axon

Front 34

the cytoplasm of the axon is known as the?

Back 34

axoplasm

Front 35

the specialized cell membrane that covers the axoplasm in the axon region of a neuron is known as?

Back 35

axolemma

Front 36

this structure located in the axon of a neuron is important in INITIATING an electrical signal?

Back 36

Axon hillock

Front 37

this structure within the axon of a neuron is responsible for the release of a neurotransmitter to send a signal from one cell to another?

Back 37

synaptic terminal

Front 38

the area where a neuron communicates with another cell is the?

Back 38

synapse

Front 39

when 2 neurons are communicating, the cell that SENDS the message by releasing NEUROTRANSMITTERS is called?

Back 39

presynaptic cell.

Front 40

when two cells are communicating, the cell that RECEIVES the signal is the?

Back 40

postsynaptic cell

Front 41

the small gap that separates the presynaptic membrane and the postsynaptic membrane is the?

Back 41

synaptic cleft

Front 42

the chemical messengers of neurons are?

Back 42

neurotransmitters

Front 43

how and where are neurotransmitters broken down?

Back 43

they are broken down by ENZYMES in the SYNAPTIC CLEFT

Front 44

the synapse that is between a NEURON and a MUSCLE is known as?

Back 44

neuromuscular junction

Front 45

the synapse that is between a NEURON and a GLAND is known as?

Back 45

neuroglandular junction

Front 46

the synaptic terminal contains these 2 organelles?

Back 46

mitochondrion and endoplasmic reticulum.

Front 47

what are the 4 structural classifications of neurons?

Back 47

1)Anaxonic neurons
2)Bipolar Neurons
3)Unipolar Neurons
4)Multipolar Neurons

Front 48

this type of neuron structure is found in the BRAIN and SENSE organs, and you CANT distinguish axons from dendrites in it?

Back 48

Anaxonic neuron

Front 49

this type of neuron structure is found in special sensory organs (sight, smell, hearing), and has ONE dendrite, and ONE axon.

Back 49

Bipolar neurons

Front 50

this type of neuron structure is a SENSORY neuron found in the peripheral nervous system, and has FUSED dendrites and axon with the cell body on one side?

Back 50

unipolar neuron

Front 51

this neuron structure includes ALL SKELETAL MOTOR NEURONS, it has MANY dendrites but just ONE axon.

Back 51

multipolar neurons

Front 52

multipolar neuron structures are very common in the?

Back 52

Central nervous system
skeletal neurons

Front 53

sensory neurons do these two things?

Back 53

1)monitor internal environment
2)monitor EFFECTS of external environment.

Front 54

the sensory neurons that monitor the internal environment are known as?

Back 54

visceral sensory neurons

Front 55

the sensory neurons that monitor the effects of the external environment are known as?

Back 55

somatic sensory neurons

Front 56

sensory neurons are commonly what neural structure?

Back 56

unipolar

Front 57

the 3 types of sensory receptors (interoceptors, exteroceptors, and proprioceptors) do what?

Back 57

interoceptors- monitor internal systems
exteroceptors- monitor external and distance senses
proprioceptors-monitor position and movement

Front 58

these neurons carry instructions from the central nervous system to peripheral effectors?

Back 58

motor neurons

Front 59

the autonomic nervous system is ______ where the somatic nervous system is ______.

Back 59

involuntary... voluntary...

Front 60

motor neurons carry instruction to peripheral effeectors via _____ _____.

Back 60

efferent fibers.

Front 61

there are approximately ____ interneurons.

Back 61

20 billion

Front 62

interneurons are mostly located in these 3 places?

Back 62

1)brain
2)spinal cord
3)autonomic ganglia