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66 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Cell |
Simplest life form |
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Cytology |
Study of cells |
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Selective permeable |
Based on the cells needs, decides what goes in and out of cell membrane |
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Freely permeable |
Lipid-soluble; anything can move in or out of membrane |
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Semipermeable |
Only certain things can pass; some with transporters |
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Diffusion |
Movement of particles from a higher to a lower concentration |
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Osmosis |
Represents movement of water, not solute |
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Active transport |
Going against membrane, needs ATP to move |
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Passive tranport |
Doesn’t need energy |
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Facilitated diffusion |
Diffusion that requires help |
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Plasma membrane |
Outer layer of the cell; regulates what goes in and out of cell |
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Nucleus |
Control center of the cell; contains chromosomes |
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Microvilli |
Extensions of plasma membrane; help absorb materials into the cell |
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Phospholipids |
Double layer of lipid on outside of the membrane |
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Types of proteins |
Channels Transporters Receptors Enzymes Links Cell identity markers |
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Protein – Channel |
Allow passages of specific substances |
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Protein - Transporters |
Proteins that change shape as they move substances |
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Protein - receptors |
Allows for attachment of substances |
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Protein - enzymes Catalyst |
Break down |
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Linkers |
Help stabilize and attach cells together |
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Cell identity markers |
Proteins specific to you |
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Mitosis |
Division of cells |
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Golgi apparatus |
“Manufacturing plant” ; prepares proteins for transport to other part of cell or outside the cell |
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Mitochondria |
“Power house” ; convert energy from nutrients to ATP **Muscle and sperm cells have more than one mitochondria |
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Lysosomes |
Digestive enzymes in the cell |
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Peroxisomes |
Break down harmful substances |
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Proteasomes |
Destroy improperly synthesized proteins |
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Vesicles |
Store materials; move them in and out of cell in bulk |
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Centriole |
Help separate the chromosomes during cell division |
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Cilia |
Create movement of the fluids around the cell **Respiratory and lung cells |
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Organelles |
“Little organs” ;Specialized structures that perform different tasks |
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Chromosomes |
Structures of heredity, governs cell activities, contains DNA |
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Nucleolus |
Small body is nucleus; make ribosomes |
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Ribosomes |
Where Proteins syntheses takes place; contain RNA |
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Cytoplasm |
Colloid fills the cells; site in cellular activity |
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Cytosol |
Liquid part of cytoplasm; water, nutrients, enzymes; site for nutrient storage |
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Endoplasmic Reticulum ER |
Extends from cell membrane to nucleus; transport material within the cell |
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Rough ER |
Ribosomes attached; modify and sort proteins |
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Meiosis |
Division/ reproduction of sex cells; 46 chromosomes |
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Gradients |
Differences in a particular quality of 2 regions (Ex: higher to lower) |
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Osmotic pressure |
Measure of the force driving osmosis |
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Isotonic |
Extracellular Fluid has same intracellular fluid |
Inside and out must have same pressure |
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Solute |
Dissolved substance |
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Hemolysis |
Blood is broke apart |
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Hypotonic |
Water goes inside cell; swell |
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Hypertonic |
Water goes outside the cell; shrink |
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Crenation |
Cell shrinks |
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Filtration |
Keeps unwanted things outside the cell |
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Bulk transport Vesicular transport |
Moving large quantities of material into or out of the cell |
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Endocytosis |
Bulk movement of materials into the cell |
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Phagocytosis |
Gets rid of (eats) foreign materials (Ex: white blood cells) |
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Pinocytosis |
Plasma engulfs droplets of fluids |
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Exocytosis |
Cells move materials out of cells in bulk |
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Interphase |
Where DNA replicates |
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Apoptosis |
Programmed or preprogrammed; homocide due to injury |
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Necrosis |
Death of a cell (Ex: hair falling out) |
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How long does a typical stem cell live in interphase? |
Most of life cycle; only spends short period in mitosis |
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Stages of mitosis |
PMAT Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase |
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Prophase |
Chromosome winds up tightly and separates from the other replicated chromosome |
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Metaphase |
Chromosomes line up in center of cell and prepare to split |
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Anaphase |
Chromosomes split |
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Telophase |
Divides into two separate cells |
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Proteins synthesis |
DNA and RNA structure |
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Passive transport types |
Diffusion Osmosis Filtration |
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Active transport types |
Active transport Bulk transport ( endocytosis and exocytosis) |
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The pH scale is |
% of Hydrogen |
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