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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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collects data from every individual in a population |
census |
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group of people who you want information from |
population |
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selects a sample from the population of all individuals in which we desire information from |
sample survey |
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drawing conclusions about the population based on data from the sample |
inference |
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choosing individuals who are easiest to reach |
convenience sample |
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individuals choose to join the sample in response to an open invitation |
voluntary response |
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using chance to select a sample |
random sampling |
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every possible sample of a given size has the same chance to be selected. |
SRS |
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dividing the population into strata then finding a SRS |
Stratified random sample |
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dividing the population into groups located near one another then finding an SRS |
cluster sample |
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when some members of a population cannot be reached |
undercoverage |
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when people can't be contacted or refuse to answer |
nonresponse |
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incorrect answers by respondents can lead to |
response bias |
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has a big influence on answers |
wording of questions |
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gathers data on individuals as they are |
observational study |
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actively do something to people in order to measure their response |
experiment |
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when a variables effect on a response variable can't be distinguished from each other |
confounded |
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sometimes called subjects if humans, we impose treatments on a group of |
experimental units |
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a combination of all the explanatory variables |
factors |
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all of the experimental units are assigned to the treatments by chance |
completely randomized design |
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fake treatment |
placebo |
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some patients get better because they expect the treatment to work |
placebo effect |
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neither the subjects nor those interacting with them and measuring their responses know who is receiving treatment |
double- blind |
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if one party knows and the other doesn't |
single- blind |
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when an observed difference in responses between the groups in an experiment is too large to be explained by chance variation in the random assignment |
statistically significant |
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forms groups or blocks of experimental units that are similar with respect to a variable that is expected to effect the response |
randomized block design |
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common form of blocking for comparing just 2 treatments |
matched pairs design |
