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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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observational study
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observes individuals and measures variables of interest but does not attempt to influence the responses
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Experiment
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imposes some treatment on individuals in order to observe their responses.
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Population
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entire group of individuals that we want info about
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sample
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part of the population that we actually examine in order to gather info
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sampling
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studying part in order to gain info about the whole
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census
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attempts to contact every individual in the entire population
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Voluntary response sample
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consist of people who choose themselves by responding to a gender appeal. biased because people with strong opinions are most likely to respond.
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biased
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systematically favors certain outcomes
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simple random sample
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consist of individuals from the population chosen in such a way that every se of individuals has an equal chance to be the sample actually selected.
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probability sample
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a sample chosen by chance
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stratified random sample
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udercoverage
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occurs when some groups in the population are left out of the process of choosing the sample
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Nonresponse
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occurs when an individual chosen for the sample cant be contacted or does not cooperate
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statistical inference
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produces answers to specific questions along with a statement of how confident we can be that the answer is correct.
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design
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a sample refers to the method used to select the sample from the population.
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multistage samples
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select successively smaller groups within the population in stages, resulting in a sample consisting of clusters of individuals.
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experimental units
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the indivuiduals on which the experiment is done. subjects are humans.
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treatment
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a specific experimental condition applied to the units
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sampling frame
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the list of individuals from which a sample is actually selected.
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factors
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explanatory variables in an experiment
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statistically significant
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an observed effect so large that it would rarely occur by chance
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double-blind
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neither the subjects nor the people who have contact with them know which treatment a subject received.
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