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107 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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All of the bones and cartilage of the body that collectively provide the supporting framework for the muscles and organs.
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Skeletal System
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The axial skeleton provides ____.
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protection
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The axial skeleton is made up of... (4)
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Skull, Ribs, Sternum, and Vertebral Column
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The appendicular skeleton is made up of... (3)
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pectoral girdle, pelvic girdle, and all the bones that make up the upper and lower extremities
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What two parts make up the skull?
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Cranium and Facial bones
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How many bones are in the cranium and are the moveable? (name bones)
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Eight immovable bones- 1 frontal, 2 parietals, 2 temporals, 1 occipital, 1 ethmoid, 1 sphenoid
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How many bones make up the facial bones and are they movable? (name bones)
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14 bones and mandible is movable- 2 nasal, 1 vomer, 2 inf nasal conchae, 2 lacrimal, 2 palatine, 2 zygomatic, 2 maxillary, 1 mandible
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Name the parts of the vertebral column and how many bones in each section
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7 Cervical; 12 Thoracic; 5 Lumbar; 5 Sacrum; 3 coccyx
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What makes up the thoracic cage?
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Ribs and Sternum
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How many ribs are there?
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12 pair
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Name the three parts of the sternum
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Manubrium, body, and Xiphoid Process
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How many bones make up the vertebral column?
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32
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How many bones make up the skull?
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22
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What is the pectoral girdle made up of?
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Clavicle and Scapula
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What are the upper extremities made up of? (6)
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Humerus, ulna, radius, carpals, metacarpals, and phalangies
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What is the pelvic girdle made up of?
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Ilium, Ishium, and Pubis
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What are the lower extremities made up of?
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Femur, petella, tibia, fibula, tarsals, metatarsals, phalangies
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The skeletal system provides ____ for the body
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support
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The skeletal system gives ____ to the body
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shape
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It protects ____ ____ organs
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delicate vital
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It manufactures ____ ____
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blood cells
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The skeletal system stores ____ and ____.
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calcium and phosphorous
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Bone includes a matrix of calcium salts and ____. This gives the bones____ for supportive functions.
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collagen; strength
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Cartilage is firm, yet ____.
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flexible
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Cartilage is found primarily in two types of structures...
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surface of bones (esp. joints) and supporting soft structures (nose, ear, trachea)
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What are chondrocytes?
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cartilage cells
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Cartilage has no capillaries, so blood is supplied by ____.
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diffusion
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Bone is made up of ____ and ____.
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Osteocytes and connective tissue
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Osteocytes are made up of what?
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collagen and calcium salts
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Collagen provides____, resistance, and some flexibility.
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strength
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What are the two types of bone tissue?
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compact or cortical and spongy bone or cancellous
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What is the hard dense bone that surrounds the bone marrow cavity?
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Compact Bone
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About ___% of bone is compact bone.
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75%
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Basic structural unit of compact bone is the ____.
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Osteon
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Osteon is the ____ ____ and the concentric osseous lamellae encircling it, occuring in compact bone. (aka ____ ____)
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central canal; Haversian System
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Spongy bone is composed of ____.
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osteocytes
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Spongy bone is located where? (2)
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in the ends of bones and medullary marrow cavity
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Spongy bone is made up of interspersed columns of bony substances called ____.
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trabeculae
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About ___% of bone is spongy bone
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25%
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The medullary cavity is located in the _______.
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shaft of the long bone
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There is ____ bone marrow in spongy bone
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red
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There is ____ bone marrow found in adults
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yellow
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The ____ bone marrow is very vascular
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yellow
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What lines the inside of the medullary canal?
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Endosteum
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What kind of bone cells cannot divide and they synthesize collagen?
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Osteoblasts
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What type of bone cells functions in bone resorption and become osteocytes
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Osteoblast
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Type of bone cell that are multi-nucleated
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Osteoclast
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Osteoclast functions in development, growth, ____, breakdown, and resorption
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repair
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____ and ____ helps to kepp bones strong
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exercise and weight bearing exercise
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____ and ____ are vital to the health of bones
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nutrition and Vitamin A, C, and D
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Five shapes of bones include...
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Long, Short, Flat, Irregular, Sesamoid
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Cranial bones are ____ bones and facial bones are ____ bones.
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flat; irregular
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Long bones are located in... (4)
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arms, legs, hands, and feet
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Spongy bone is covered with ____ bone in epiphysis
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compact
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Short bones are located in the... (2)
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carpals and tarsals
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Spongy bone contain ____ bone marrow
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red
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Flat bones are located in... (5)
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ribs, sternum, scapula, ilium, and cranial bones
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Irregular bones are located... (2)
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Vertebrae and facial
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Seasmoid bone are located... (2)
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Patella and the small bones in the hands and feet
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Projection of bone on epiphysis is called the?
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Condyle
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A projection of bone superior to the condyle
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Epicondyle
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Narrow ridge of bone is called
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Crest
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Opening in bone for nerves and blood vessels
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Foramen
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Slight depression in bone
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Fossa
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Proximal end of the bone
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Head
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Natural growth that projects from the bone
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Process
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Larger process of bone attachment for muscles
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Trochanter
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Nodule on a bone or elevated process
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Truberosity
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The hyoid bone is the only bone in the body that does not ____ or connect to another bone.
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articulate
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The hyoid bone is held in place by ____ and ____.
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muscles and ligaments
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The hyoid bone supports the ____ and aids in swallowing
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tongue
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What are the three types of joints?
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Synarthrosis, Amphiarthrosis, Diarthrosis
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Synarthrosis are ____ joints (suture lines in the skull)
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immovable
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Amphiarthrosis are ____ joints (pubis symphysis and vertebrae)
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slightly movable
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Diarthrosis are ____ joints. They are aka ____ joints. (knee)
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freely movable; synovial
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Movement in all planes including rotation. (shoulder and hip)
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Ball-and-socket joint
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twisting side to side
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gliding joint
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flexion and extention
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hinge joint
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rotation around an axis
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pivot joint
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movement in one plane with limited lateral movement
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condyloid joint
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movement in all planes (thumb)
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saddle joint
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away from the midline
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abduction
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towards the midline
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adduction
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moving a single part of body in a circular path without moving the rest of the body
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circumduction
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moving a body part around a central axis (head)
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rotation
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bending the foot upward
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dorsiflexion
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bending the foot downward
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plantar flexion
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turning the foot inward
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eversion
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turning the foot outward
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inversion
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bending a joint
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flexion
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straightening a joint
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extension
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palms down
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pronation
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palms up
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supination
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fracture: skin is penetrated with bone exposed
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compound (open)
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Bone is fractured but still in anatomic position
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simple (closed)
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fracture where there are two or more fragments
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comminuted
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Incomplete fracture
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greenstick
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most common broken wrist bone is the ____
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scaphoid bone
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Fractured bones that are forced into each other
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impacted
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fracture is oblique across the bone
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oblique
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Fracture that curves around the bone twisted-like
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spiral fracture
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Horizontal fracture
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transverse
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fracture at the distal end of your radius
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Colles' fracture
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Broken vertebral bones
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compressed
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Fracture and hemotoma develops (bone healing phases)
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Reactive (inflammatory) Phase
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Soft and hard callous form (bone healing phases)
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Reparative Phase
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New bone (bone healing phases)
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Remolding Phase
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