A+P Signal Conduction Along Nerves

Front 1

the sequence of voltage changes is?

Back 1

Resting membrane potential, depolarization(Na gates open), repolarizing(K gates open up), hyperpolarization(neurons dont fire)

Front 2

Na flows which direction?

Back 2

both up and down stream, but only Na flowing down stream will activate other channels

Front 3

speed of nerve impulses is faster in _____ and slower in ______

Back 3

skeletal muscle, gut and glands

Front 4

impulses travel faster if the axon has 2 characterstics?

Back 4

myelinated, and wider

Front 5

classification of nerve fibers:
Group A?
Group B?
Group C?

Back 5

A-mostly sensory and motor, have large diameters,thick myelin,300mph speed, found in skin,skeletal muscle
B-ANS and motor, medium diameter, lightly myelinated, 40 mph
C-ANS and motor fibers,small diameter, unmyelinated, 2mph

Front 6

autoimmune disease that has poor vision, weakness, clumsiness, paralysis, makes antibodies against myeline and destroys it, slows impulse conduction

Back 6

mutliple sclerosis

Front 7

this disease is degeneration of motor nerves, usually die from lung infection also called lou-gehrigs disease

Back 7

amyotrphic lateral sclerosis

Front 8

the nerve terminals contain?

Back 8

synaptic vesicles that have NT in them (acetylcholine)

Front 9

this gives the signal to release NT's?

Back 9

calcium

Front 10

acetycholinestrease does what to Ach?

Back 10

degrades it

Front 11

this disease causes muscle weakness, difficult swallowing, drooping eyelids?

Back 11

myastehnia gravis

Front 12

this drug binds to Ach receptor and prevents binding causing muscle paralysis used as muscle relaxant

Back 12

tubocurarine (curare)

Front 13

this drug inhibit or block AchE, so you get to much Ach in the cleft and you get muscle paralysis

Back 13

anticholinesterases

Front 14

this type of paralysis does not contract?

Back 14

flaccid

Front 15

examples of anticholinesterases consist of?

Back 15

insecticides, nerve gases

Front 16

most potent poisons known, found in puffer fish, blocks Na channels in skeletal muscle cell cannot depolarize, death by paralysis of respiratory muscle

Back 16

tetrodotoxin

Front 17

this is from a bacteria and it blocks Ach release from nerve terminal and causes paralysis

Back 17

botulinus toxin

Front 18

procaine,lidocaine prevent conduction of nerve impulses block Na channels there called?

Back 18

local anesthetics

Front 19

in this synapses NT release causing depolarization or postsynaptic membrane

Back 19

excitatory

Front 20

the graded depolarizations are called

Back 20

excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSP)-if enough EPSPs are produced AP will be triggered at axon hillick

Front 21

in this synapses NT release induces hyperpolarization of postsynaptic membrane

Back 21

inhibitory

Front 22

the graded hyperpolar are called:

Back 22

inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP)-if enough are produced generation of AP at axon hillick will be prevented

Front 23

there are at least ___ NTs
most neurons make _____ NTs
neurons can release ___ or ___ NTs

Back 23

50
2 or more
1 or all

Front 24

the 3 classification of NT's are:

Back 24

acetylcholine, biogenic amine, amino acids

Front 25

this classification is released by nmj-excitatory and degraded by AchE

Back 25

acetylocholine

Front 26

this classification consist of dopamine, norephinephrine, serotonin, histamine

Back 26

biogenic amines

Front 27

this classification has inhibitory(GABA-brings - charge into cell, stopping AP) and excitatory(glycine,asparate,glutamate)

Back 27

amino acids

Front 28

this type of muscle is found in hollow organs?

Back 28

smooth

Front 29

this type of muscle cell is spindle shaped, one nucleus, arranged in sheets,

Back 29

smooth

Front 30

2 arrangements of muscle cell are:

Back 30

longitudinal-runs parallel to long axis contraction-->shortening
cirucluar-run circumference of organ, contraction---> elongation

Front 31

system by which food gets down s.intestions

Back 31

peristalsis

Front 32

this is the mixing of food?

Back 32

segmentation

Front 33

this type of muscle has no nmj, has varicosities, has diffuse junctions, doesnt need rapid contraction

Back 33

smooth muscle

Front 34

this releases Ca on smooth muscle?

Back 34

caveoli - it sorta replaces SR

Front 35

varicosities release ___ in a more wave like formation

Back 35

NT's