A&p Review

Front 1

A dog is standing on the exam table with its front legs up on the chest of its owner. Which surface of the dog is touching the exam table?

Back 1

Plantar

Front 2

If you were told to look for a tumor on the dorsal surface on a dogs hind leg, where would you look?

Back 2

The front surface below the tarsus

Front 3

All the organs in the thoracic cavity are covered by a thin membrane called the...

Back 3

Pleura

Front 4

The type of tissue that forms sweat glands is ______ tissue.

Back 4

Epithelial

Front 5

The type of tissue that coordinates and controls activities in and around an animal's body is

Back 5

Nervous tissue

Front 6

The basal surface of an epithelial cell

Back 6

Faces underlying connective tissue

Hint 6

Basal is bottom

Front 7

Keratin is found

Back 7

In skin cells

Front 8

The thinnest epithelial cells are fragile and are found lining surfaces involved in passage of liquids or gasses. They are classified as

Back 8

Simple squamous

Front 9

The urinary bladder is partially lined by ____, giving it the ability to expand and contract as needed.

Back 9

Transitional epithelium

Front 10

The most abundant tissue type by weight in the body is

Back 10

Connective tissue

Front 11

Tendons are made up of

Back 11

Sense regular connective tissue

Front 12

The pinna of the ears of animals contains _____ cartilage.

Back 12

Elastic

Hint 12

Stretchy

Front 13

The muscles in the wall of the uterus and urinary bladder are

Back 13

Nonstriated involuntary muscle

Front 14

The nucleus of a nerve cell is found in the

Back 14

Perikaryon

Hint 14

Begins with a P

Front 15

During the inflammatory process phagocytosis is the job of

Back 15

Macrophage

Front 16

The pigment found in skin is produced by

Back 16

Melanocytes

Front 17

Which layer of skin allows it to move freely over underlying bone and muscle without tearing?

Back 17

Hypodermis

Hint 17

OVER UNDERLYING BONE

Front 18

On a footpad, which layer of skin is the thickest?

Back 18

Stratum corneum

Front 19

The cells that secrete the matrix of a bone are the

Back 19

Osteoblasts

Front 20

Bones act as a storage site for primarily which mineral?

Back 20

Calcium

Front 21

As a young animal grows so must its bones grow. Where does creation of new bone that allows long bones to lengthen as the animal grows take place?

Back 21

Epiphyseal plates

Hint 21

Type of plate

Front 22

Endochondral bone formation takes place in a fetus over a ____ template that is eventually replaces by bone.

Back 22

Cartilage

Hint 22

What do baby's have a lot of?

Front 23

The foramen magnum is located in the ____ bone.

Back 23

Occipital

Front 24

Which bone in the appendicular skeleton has an olecranon process?

Back 24

Ulna

Hint 24

In the front legs

Front 25

Which bone is found in the antebrachium?

Back 25

Radius

Hint 25

In the front legs

Front 26

What is the correct order of bones on the thoracic limb starting distally and working proximally?

Back 26

Phalanges, metacarpal bones, carpal bones, radius, ulna, humerus, scapula

Front 27

Which bones fuse to make the acetabulum?

Back 27

Ilium, ischium, pubis

Front 28

The movement of an extremity away from the median plane of the body is

Back 28

Abduction

Hint 28

Away

Front 29

Firm connective tissue bands that help stabilize the bones that make up a joint and help hold the joint together are called

Back 29

Ligaments

Front 30

What type of muscle controls the movement of an animal's skeleton?

Back 30

Voluntary striated muscle

Front 31

The linea alba is a/an

Back 31

Aponeurosis

Front 32

Which three muscles make up the hamstring muscle?

Back 32

Biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus

Front 33

The respiratory muscles that work together to increase the size of the thoracic cavity when they contract are the

Back 33

Diaphragm and external intercostal muscles

Front 34

The contracting unit of a skeletal muscle is the

Back 34

Sarcomere

Front 35

Nerve cells receive stimuli or impulses through

Back 35

Dendrites

Front 36

White matter is made up of

Back 36

Myelinates axons

Front 37

Afferent nerve fibers carry sensations

Back 37

Toward the CNS

Front 38

An example of an action controlled by the somatic nervous system is

Back 38

Turning the head

Front 39

A polarized neuron in its resting state has

Back 39

High sodium ion concentration on the outside of the cell membrane and high potassium ion concentration on the inside of the cell membrane

Front 40

The part of the CNS that controls coordinated movement, balance, and posture is the

Back 40

Cerebellum

Front 41

Which of the following cranial nerves is a pure sensory nerve?

Back 41

CN I

Front 42

Which clinical sign is characteristic of the parasympathetic nervous system stimulation?

Back 42

Reduced heart rate

Front 43

Many excitatory neurotransmitters usually cause ____ influx so that the postsynaptic membrane moves toward threshold and depolarization can begin a new nerve impulse.

Back 43

Sodium ion.

Front 44

The radiographic procedure that uses radiopaque dye injected into the space just beneath the arachnoid membrane to highlight areas of the spinal cord compression is...

Back 44

Myelography

Front 45

Which cranial nerve is responsible for perception of light and vision?

Back 45

CN II

Front 46

The fight or flight response to an emergency situation is a specific function of the

Back 46

Sympathetic nervous system

Front 47

The white of the eye is the

Back 47

Sclera.

Front 48

The sensory receptors for vision are located in the

Back 48

Retina

Front 49

The anterior chamber of the eyeball is located

Back 49

In the front of the iris in the aqueous compartment

Front 50

The third eyelid is composed of

Back 50

Cartilage and conjunctiva

Front 51

Negative feedback control of hormone secretion begins when a

Back 51

Rising level of hormone is detected by the gland that produces it.

Front 52

The endocrine system works closely with the ____ to control and coordinate the intricate parts and functions of the body.

Back 52

Nervous system

Front 53

Which gland is the master endocrine gland?

Back 53

Pituitary

Front 54

The hormonal part of the fight or flight response is produced in the

Back 54

Adrenal gland

Front 55

The gland that helps regulate the body's blood calcium levels is the

Back 55

Parathyroid gland

Front 56

The term iatrogenic means

Back 56

Caused by treatment.

Front 57

Erythropoietin affects the development of

Back 57

Red blood cells

Front 58

When monocytes enter tissue they become

Back 58

Macrophages

Front 59

Which organ is capable of storing blood that can be released into circulation when the animal needs it?

Back 59

Spleen

Front 60

The heart is located in the thoracic cavity in the space between the two lungs. This space is called the

Back 60

Mediastinum

Front 61

The fibrous sac that encloses the heart is the

Back 61

Pericardium

Front 62

The type of blood vessel that usually carries oxygenated blood away from the heart is a/an

Back 62

Artery

Front 63

The right atrium pumps blood into the

Back 63

Right ventricle

Front 64

The apex of the heart is made up of the

Back 64

Wall of the left ventricle

Front 65

Another name for the left AV valve is the

Back 65

Mitral valve

Front 66

Another name for the right semilunar valve is the

Back 66

Pulmonary valve

Front 67

The largest blood vessel that brings deoxygenated blood from the systemic circulation is the

Back 67

Vena cava

Front 68

The impulse to begin each heartbeat of the heart comes from the

Back 68

SA node

Front 69

Cardiac output is determined by

Back 69

Stroke volume and heart rate

Front 70

The inner layer of a blood vessel is the

Back 70

Endothelium

Front 71

The ductus arteriosus in a fetus allows blood to flow

Back 71

Directly into the aorta from the pulmonary artery

Front 72

The tracheal rings are composed of

Back 72

Hyaline cartilage

Front 73

The actual exchange of oxygen and CO2 occurs across

Back 73

Two layers of simple squamous epithelium

Front 74

The unconscious act of breathing is controlled by the respiratory center in the

Back 74

Brainstem

Front 75

What effects does sympathetic nerve stimulation have in digestion?

Back 75

Inhibits digestion

Front 76

Which part of the tooth extends above the gum line?

Back 76

Crown

Front 77

The cartilage that makes up part of the laryngeal cartilage and prevents food from being aspirated into the trachea is the _____ cartilage.

Back 77

Epiglottic

Front 78

The cardiac sphincter is located

Back 78

At the causal end of the esophagus

Front 79

The terminal part of the stomach that opens into the duodenum is the

Back 79

Pylorus

Front 80

What is the correct order of the parts of the small intestine?

Back 80

Duodenum, jejunum, ileum.

Front 81

Peyers patches are made up of

Back 81

Lymphoid tissue

Front 82

The brush border of the small intestines is made up of

Back 82

Microvilli

Front 83

Where does the pancreatic duct enter the GI tract?

Back 83

Duodenum

Front 84

Insulin is a hormone secreted by

Back 84

Endocrine pancreas

Front 85

The liver is located caudal to the

Back 85

Diaphragm

Front 86

The specific gravity for urine reflects its

Back 86

Concentration

Front 87

What is the correct order of organs of the urinary system from cranial to caudal?

Back 87

Kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra

Front 88

Because the kidneys sit between the peritoneal and the dorsal abdominal muscles, they are considered

Back 88

Retroperitoneal

Front 89

The out most layer of the kidney is the

Back 89

Cortex

Front 90

The collection chamber for urine in the kidney is the

Back 90

Pelvis

Front 91

The basic functional until of a kidney is the

Back 91

Nephron

Front 92

In order to fully descend, the testes must pass through the

Back 92

Inguinal ring

Front 93

What two structures does the vas deferens connect?

Back 93

Urethra and epididymis

Front 94

The female reproductive organs are suspended from the dorsal part of the abdominal wall by the

Back 94

Broad ligaments

Front 95

The cervix is located between the

Back 95

Uterine body and vagina

Front 96

In a dog, the cytology of the epithelial lining of the ____ can be utilized to determine the most effective time to breed a bitch.

Back 96

Vagina

Front 97

The umbilical cord connects the

Back 97

Fetus to the placenta

Front 98

Which type of placental attachment is seen in dogs and cats?

Back 98

Zonary

Front 99

Which stage of labor is characterized by strong uterine and abdominal muscle contractions?

Back 99

Second stage

Front 100

During what stage of labor is the fetus delivered?

Back 100

Second stage

Front 101

In order for passive immunity to be transferred from mother to offspring, the newborn must have colostrum within

Back 101

A few hours after birth