A&p Review

Front 1

Small Intestine Histology

• Mucosa - what epithelium?
• What are gastric pits? What do they communicate with?
• Three specialized gastric cells?

Back 1

Small intestine mucosa: simple columnar epithelium

Gastric pits are in the stomach, communicate with gastric glands lined with mucous cells and specialized gastric cells:

• Parietal cells
• Chief cells
• Enteroendocrine cells

Front 2

How long is the small intestine?

Diameter?

Duodenum length?

Jejunum length?

Ileum length?

Back 2

Intestine is 20ft

1 inch in diameter

Duodenum 10 inches

Jejunum 8 feet

Ileum 12 feet

Front 3

4 Layers of the stomach? Innermost to outermost

Back 3

Mucosa: simple columnar

Submucosa: nerve plexus

Muscularis: oblique, circle, longitudinal

Serosa

Front 4

Liver

• How much does it weigh?
• Where is it located?
• Composed of what?
• Supported by what?
• Which lobe is larger?
• Where is the gall bladder located?

Back 4

• Weighs 3 pounds

• Inferior to diaphragm

• Composed of four lobes

• Supported by two ligaments (falciform ligament and round ligament)

• Right lobe is larger

• Gall bladder on right lobe

Front 5

Blood supply to liver?

6 Steps

Back 5

Front 6

Urinary System

• 4 Structures
• 6 Functions

Back 6

4 Structures:

• Kidney
• Ureters
• Urinary bladder
• Urethra

Functions:

• Regulate plasma concentrations of ions
• Regulate BP and blood volume
• Stabilize blood pH
• Conserve nutrients
• Eliminate organic waste
• Assist liver in detoxifying blood

Front 7

Kidney: External Anatomy

• Location
• At which levels of spine?
• Protected by which ribs?

Back 7

• Located between the peritoneum and the posterior abdominal wall
• Retroperitoneal along with adrenal glands and ureters
• At level of T12 to L3
• Protected by 11th and 12th ribs

Front 8

Kidney: 3 Layers of Tissues?

Back 8

Outermost: renal fascia - thin layer of tissue that holds against posterior body wall

Middle: Adipose capsule - protect from trauma

Innermost: renal capsule (fibrous capsule) - dense connective tissue

Front 9

Parenchyma of Kidney

Made up of two parts? Renal_________

Back 9

1. Renal cortex = superficial layer of kidney

2. Renal medulla

Inner portion consisting of the pyramids

Bases facing renal cortex, apex at papilla

Front 10

Blood into kidneys, out as urine

Back 10

Front 11

Nephron - Two parts

-Renal_________

Back 11

1. Renal corpuscle: glomerulus and Bowman's capsule

2. Renal tubules: proximal convoluted tubules, loop of Henle, distal convoluted tubules, collecting duct

Front 12

Renal Corpuscle

• Glomerular capillaries arise from _______________ and form a ball before being emptied into the _________________ - glomerulus
• Bowman's capsule - 2 layers?

Back 12

• Glomerular capillaries arise from afferent arteriole and form a ball before being emptied into the efferent arteriole - glomerulus

• Bowman's Capsule:

• Visceral (inner) layer - podocytes, modified simple squamous epithelial cells

• Parietal (outer) layer - simple squamous cells

Front 13

hi

Back 13

bye