A&p Quiz 4 Study Guide

Front 1

Components and location of the pharynx

Back 1

The opening of the lower airway, which consists of several cartilaginous structures held together by ligaments.

Hint 1

161

Front 2

Landmarks of the oropharynx

Back 2

Oral cavity
Extends from the uvula to the epiglottis.

Hint 2

Notes

Front 3

Definition and location of hard palate

Back 3

The floor of the nasal cavity.

Hint 3

Notes
152

Front 4

Components and responsibility of turbinates

Back 4

A set of bony convolutions formed by the conchae in the nasopharynx that help to maintain laminar/smooth airflow. The turbinates are also responsible for filtration, heating and humidification of air inhaled through the nose.

Hint 4

162
Notes
Wikipedia

Front 5

Components of the vocal cords

Back 5

You have true and false vocal cords. True are the inferior portion of the cords and produce sound and speech. They are located in the glottis with an opening between them.

Hint 5

Notes

Front 6

Definition and location of the false vocal cords

Back 6

The false vocal cords or vestibular folds, superior portion of the vocal cords.

Hint 6

Notes

153

Front 7

Length of the trachea in adults

Back 7

~4" long in most adults

Hint 7

153-154

Front 8

Components of the trachea

Back 8

A tube made up of cartilage and other connective tissue which conveys air to and from the lungs, located immediately inferior to the larynx.

Hint 8

153-154

Front 9

Subdivisions of bronchioles

Back 9

Bronchioles are subdivision of bronchi. It subdivides into secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi, and alveolar ducts.

Hint 9

Notes

Front 10

Responsibility of alveolocapillary membrane

Back 10

Lies between the alveolus and capillary, Within the alveoli, tiny sacs of lung tissue in which gas exchange takes place.

Hint 10

Note

Front 11

Location of the visceral pleura

Back 11

Pleura is a membranes of connective tissue that envelop the lungs. The visceral pleura is the lying of the lungs itself.

Hint 11

Notes

Front 12

The primary waste product of metabolism

Back 12

carbon dioxide

Hint 12

Notes

Front 13

What a spirometer does

Back 13

A device that records the amount and rate of air that is breathed in and out over a specific period of time.

Hint 13

Notes

Front 14

Definition of tidal volume

Back 14

The volume of air inspired during normal inspiration.

Hint 14

155-156

Front 15

The organ that controls respiration

Back 15

The brain, more specific the repiratory center located in the medulla oblongata.

Hint 15

158

Front 16

Location of the respiratory center

Back 16

medulla oblongata

Hint 16

158

Front 17

Exhalation as a process

Back 17

Exhalation is a passive process and normally requires no muscular effort. Diaphragm returns upward pushing air out of the lungs.

Hint 17

Notes

Front 18

COPD

Back 18

COPD is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a progressive and irreversible disease of airway marked by decreased inspiratory and expiratory capacity of the lungs.

Hint 18

157

Front 19

Components of the glottis

Back 19

Includes the true vocal cords plus the opening between them.

Hint 19

Notes

Front 20

Location of primary trachea branching

Back 20

To the right due to a 90 degree angle for the Lt and a downward slide for the right.

Front 21

Percentage of oxygen in expired air

Back 21

Normal air inhaled contains 21%. We exhale 15 to 16%.

Hint 21

Wiki

Front 22

The definition of ventilation

Back 22

The process of moving air in and out of the lungs.

Hint 22

155

Front 23

Definition of residual volume

Back 23

The volume of air remaining in the respiratory passages and lungs after a forceful expiration.

Hint 23

156

Front 24

Effects of emphysema on alveolar walls

Back 24

Destruction to alveolar wall

Hint 24

156

Front 25

Cells contained in neural tissue

Back 25

Two basic types of cells
Neurons
Neuroglia

Hint 25

Notes

Front 26

Projections contained in neurons

Back 26

Composed of axon (body) and dendrites (like the connection).

Hint 26

166

Front 27

The basic functions of neuroglia

Back 27

Supporting cells that have four basic functions. Provide a supporting skeleton for neural tissue, isolate and protect the cell membrane of neurons, regulate the composition of interstitial fluid, defend neural tissue from pathogens, and aid in the repair of injury.

Hint 27

166

Front 28

Definition of white matter

Back 28

Bundles of mylinated nerves.

Hint 28

166

Front 29

Definition and location of the synapse

Back 29

Gap between the nerve cells that consists of a terminal bouton or other type of axon terminal, the synaptic cleft, and the membrane of the postsynaptic cell.

Hint 29

Notes

Front 30

Function of neurotransmitters and their locations

Back 30

Chemicals produced by the body that stimulate electrical reactions in adjacent neurons. They are located in synaptic vesicles, which are located in synaptic cleft.

Hint 30

187

Front 31

Number of cranial nerves in the CNS

Back 31

There are 24, 12 pairs

Front 32

Branches of the CNS

Back 32

The brain and spinal cord

Hint 32

168

Front 33

Components of ANS

Back 33

Automatic nervous system, operates without conscious control and regulates the function of the internal organs, glands, and smooth muscle. Consist of two divisions the parasympathetic and the sympathetic division.

Hint 33

182

Front 34

Components of gyri

Back 34

Numerous folds that greatly increase the surface area of the cortex.

Hint 34

Notes

Front 35

Responsibility of occipital lobe of the brain

Back 35

Vision

Hint 35

169

Front 36

Meningeal layers of the brain

Back 36

A set of three tough membranes that surround the brain, dura, arachnoid, and pia matter (outer to inner). Dura outer and toughest. Arachnoid got its name from the blood vessels it contains appearance of spider webs. Pia innermost layer directly on the brain or spinal cord.

Hint 36

171

Front 37

Where is CSF made?

Back 37

Ventricles

Hint 37

Notes

Front 38

Components of the limbic system

Back 38

Portions of the cerebrum and diencephalon, functions include several structures that influence emotion, motivation, mood, and sensations of pain and pleasure.

Front 39

Responsibilities of the ascending and descending nervous fibers

Back 39

Ascending fibers (afferent tracts) carry sensory info in the form of action potentials, from the periphery back to the brain.
Descending fibers (efferent tracts) carry motor impulses also in the form of action potentials, from the brain to the fibers of the peripheral nervous system.

Front 40

Origin and innervation of the phrenic nerve

Back 40

The origin is the cervical plexus. It innervates the diaphragm causing contraction of the diaphragm during breathing.

Hint 40

Notes

Front 41

The larges peripheral nerve in the body

Back 41

Sciatic nerve-combination of the common peroneal and tibial nerves

Hint 41

Notes

Front 42

Components of the parasympathetic nervous system

Back 42

Division of the ANS responsible for body's relaxation. Slows HR RESP, Lowers BP, and constrict the pupils, and increasing digestive system activity.

Front 43

What cholinergic fibers secrete

Back 43

Neuron that secretes acetylcholine.

Hint 43

Notes

Front 44

Responsibilities of acetylcholinesterase

Back 44

Enzyme that rapidly destroys acetylcholine after an impulse is transmitted.

Hint 44

Notes

Front 45

S&S of CVA

Back 45

Cerebralvascular Accident
A disruption of the circulation to the brain, causing brain damage and abnormal neurologic findings. Two types embolic (clot) and hemorrhagic (bleed) stoke. S/S are severe HA, Sz, LOC, facial droop, weakness, elevated BP as the body tries to maintain blood flow to the compromised area.