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68 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the four stages of digestive function?
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ingestion, digestion, absorption, defecation.
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Def of ingestion?
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The selective intake of food.
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Def of digestion?
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The mechanical and chemical breakdown of food into a form usable by the body.
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Def of absorption?
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The uptake of nutrient molecules into epithelial cells of the digestive tract and then into the blood or lymph.
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Def of defecation?
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The elimination of undigested residue.
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Two facets of the digestion stage?
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Mechanical and chemical
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The physical breakdown of food into smaller particles?
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Mechanical digestion
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A series of hydrolysis reactions that break dietary macromolecules into their monomers?
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Chemical digestion.
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Polysaccharides are broken down into?
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monosaccharides.
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Proteins are broken down into?
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amino acids.
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Fats are broken down into?
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glycerol and fatty acids.
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Nucleic acids are broken down into?
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nucleotides.
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Chemical digestion is carried out by the digestive enzymes produced by?
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Salivary glands, stomach, pancreas and small intestine.
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Digestion involves what three processes?
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Motility, secretion, and membrane transport.
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_____ releases enzymes, hormones, and other products that carry out or regulate digestion?
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Secretion.
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What are the two anatomical subdivisions of the digestive system?
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Digestive tract and accessory organs.
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The digestive tract extends from the _____ to the _____.
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Mouth to anus.
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The digestive tract includes?
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oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestines and large intestine.
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The stomach and intestines constitute the?
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G.I. tract.
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The esophagus, stomach, and intestines have a nervous network called?
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Enteric nervous system.
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_____ regulates digestive tract motility, secretion, and blood flow?
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Enteric nervous system.
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The mouth is known as the?
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oral or buccal cavity.
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Teeth are embedded in sockets called?
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Alveolus.
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Most of a tooth consists of hard yellowish tissue called?
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Dentin.
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Enamel is a living tissue? T/F
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False
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The meeting of the teeth when the mouth closes is called?
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occlusion.
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Dentin and cementum are living tissues that can regenerate? T/F?
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True
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_____ breaks food into pieces small enough to be swallowed and exposes more surface to the action of digestive enzymes.
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Mastication
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Enzyme of starch/amylose?
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Salivary amylase.
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Product of Salivary amylase?
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Dextrins/short chain starch.
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Production site of Salivary amylase?
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Salivary glands.
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Is product absorbed?
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No
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Enzyme of Protein?
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Pepsin
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Product of Pepsin
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Polypeptides/ short proteins
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Production site of pepsin?
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Stomach
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Is it absorbed?
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no
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Enzyme of lipid?
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Lipase
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Product of lipase?
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3 Fatty acids and 1 glycerol.
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Production site of lipase?
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Pancrease
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Is it absorbed?
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Yes, into lacteals.
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Enzyme of polypeptides/short proteins?
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Trypsin, chymotrypsin, and carboxypeptidase?
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Product of Trypsin,chymotrypsin and carboxypeptidase?
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polypeptide fragments.
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Production site of Trypsin, chymotrypsin and carboxypeptidase?
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Pancreas
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Is product absorbed?
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No
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Enzyme of Dextrins/short chain starch?
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Pancreatic amylase
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Product of pancreatic amylase?
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Maltose
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Production site of Pancreatic amylase?
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Pancreas
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Is product absorbed?
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No
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Enzyme of polypeptide fragments?
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Peptidases
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Product of Peptidases?
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amino acids
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Production site of peptidases
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Small intestine epithelium.
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Is product absorbed?
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Yes into capillaries
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Enzyme of Maltose?
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Maltase.
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Product of maltase?
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Glucose
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Production site of Maltase ?
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Small intestine epithelium.
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Is this product absorbed?
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Yes into capillaries
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Enzyme of Sucrose?
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Sucrase
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Product of Sucrase?
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Gluctose and fructose
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Production site of Sucrase?
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Small intestine epithelium.
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Is it absorbed?
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yes into capillaries.
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Enzyme of Lactose?
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Lactase
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Products of Lactase?
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Glucose and galactose
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production site of Lactase?
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Small intestine epithelium
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is product absorbed?
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Yes - into capillaries
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Enzyme of lipids?
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Gastric lipase
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Product of lipids?
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3 fatty acids and 1 glycerol
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Production site of lipids?
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Salivary glands
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Is product absorbed?
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yes into lacteals.
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