Ap Psychology Test One

Front 1

What is the definition of Psychology?

Back 1

Science that studies behavior and the physiological ad cognitive processes that underline it; scientists apply his knowledge to everyday problems

Front 2

What are the goals of the scientific enterprise?

Back 2

To develop measurement techniques and to understand how they apply to psychology

Front 3

Anecdotal Evidence

Back 3

Personal stories about specific studies

Front 4

Behavior

Back 4

Any observable response or activity by an organism

Front 5

Case Study

Back 5

An in-depth investigation of an individual subject

Front 6

Cognition

Back 6

The mental processes involved in acquiring knowledge

Front 7

Control Group

Back 7

Subjects in a study who receive special treatment

Front 8

Data Collection Techniques

Back 8

Procedures for making empirical observations and/or measurements

Front 9

Hypothesis

Back 9

A tentative statement about the relationship between two or more variables

Front 10

Inferential Statistics

Back 10

Stats that are used to interpret data and draw conclusions

Front 11

Population

Back 11

Large collection of animals/people from which a sample is drawn
-generalizations

Front 12

Response Set

Back 12

A tendency to respond to questions in a way that is unrelated to content

Front 13

Sampling Bias

Back 13

Problem that occurs when the sampling is not representative of the population

Front 14

Theory

Back 14

A system of interrelated ideas that is used to explain data

Front 15

Action Potential

Back 15

A brief change in a neurons electrical charge

Front 16

Afferent Nerve Fibers

Back 16

Axons that carry information inward to the Central Nervous System

Front 17

Agonist

Back 17

A chemical that opposes the actions of a neurotransmitter

Front 18

Antagonist

Back 18

A chemical that mimics the actions of a neurotransmitter

Front 19

Axon

Back 19

A long, thin fiber that transmits signals away from the neuron cell body to other neurons, or to muscles or glands

Front 20

Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

Back 20

System of nerves that connect to the heart, blood vessels, smooth muscles and glands

Front 21

Population

Back 21

Large collection of animals/people from which a sample is drawn
-generalizations

Front 22

Response Set

Back 22

A tendency to respond to questions in a way that is unrelated to content

Front 23

Sampling Bias

Back 23

Problem that occurs when the sampling is not representative of the population

Front 24

Theory

Back 24

A system of interrelated ideas that is used to explain data

Front 25

Action Potential

Back 25

A brief change in a neurons electrical charge

Front 26

Afferent Nerve Fibers

Back 26

Axons that carry information inward to the Central Nervous System

Front 27

Agonist

Back 27

A chemical that opposes the actions of a neurotransmitter

Front 28

Antagonist

Back 28

A chemical that mimics the actions of a neurotransmitter

Front 29

Axon

Back 29

A long, thin fiber that transmits signals away from the neuron cell body to other neurons, or to muscles or glands

Front 30

Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

Back 30

System of nerves that connect to the heart, blood vessels, smooth muscles and glands

Front 31

Population

Back 31

Large collection of animals/people from which a sample is drawn
-generalizations

Front 32

Response Set

Back 32

A tendency to respond to questions in a way that is unrelated to content

Front 33

Sampling Bias

Back 33

Problem that occurs when the sampling is not representative of the population

Front 34

Theory

Back 34

A system of interrelated ideas that is used to explain data

Front 35

Action Potential

Back 35

A brief change in a neurons electrical charge

Front 36

Afferent Nerve Fibers

Back 36

Axons that carry information inward to the Central Nervous System

Front 37

Agonist

Back 37

A chemical that opposes the actions of a neurotransmitter

Front 38

Antagonist

Back 38

A chemical that mimics the actions of a neurotransmitter

Front 39

Axon

Back 39

A long, thin fiber that transmits signals away from the neuron cell body to other neurons, or to muscles or glands

Front 40

Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

Back 40

System of nerves that connect to the heart, blood vessels, smooth muscles and glands

Front 41

Broca's Area

Back 41

-Left frontal lobe
-lack of the ability to speak

Front 42

Cerebral Cortex

Back 42

Outer layer of the cerebrum

Front 43

Dendrites

Back 43

Branchlike parts of a neuron that receive information

Front 44

Efferent Nerve Fibers

Back 44

Axons that carry information outward from the Central Nervous System

Front 45

ESB

Back 45

Sending a weak electric current to the brain to stimulate it

Front 46

Electroencephalograph (EEG)

Back 46

Monitors the electrical activity of the brain over time by means of recording electrodes attached to the surface of the scalp

Front 47

Myelin Sheath

Back 47

Insulating material (glial cells) that encases some axons of neurons

Front 48

Neurons

Back 48

Individual cells in the nervous system that receive, integrate, and transmit info

Front 49

Reuptake

Back 49

Process where neurotransmitters are sponged up from the synaptic cleft by the presynaptic membrane

Front 50

Synaptic Cleft

Back 50

Gap between the terminal button and the cell membranes of neurons

Front 51

Terminal Buttons

Back 51

Small knobs at the end of axons that secrete chemicals (Neurotransmitters)

Front 52

Wernickes Area

Back 52

-left hemisphere in temporal lobe
-no comprehension of speech

Front 53

Charles Darwin

Back 53

-natural selection
-teachings influenced William James

Front 54

Sigmund Freud

Back 54

-Nature
-Alter-egos and the unconsciousness mind
-mental disorders
-ID, Ego and Superego

Front 55

G. Stanley Hall

Back 55

-Brought psychology to U.S
-founder of APA

Front 56

William James

Back 56

-1870
-Functionalism
-consciousness and function
-experience
-"principles of psychology"

Front 57

Carl Rogers

Back 57

-1870
-Humanist
-Individual aspects of personal growth and uniqueness

Front 58

Robert Rosenthal

Back 58

-1970
-Study of experimenters bias

Front 59

Stanley Schacter

Back 59

-1959
-Anxiety and affiliation study

Front 60

B.F Skinner

Back 60

-1953
-learning and stimulus response; behavioral reactions
-no free will

Front 61

Roger Sperry

Back 61

-Split brained research

Front 62

John B. Watson

Back 62

-Nurture
-behaviorism
-observable behaviors
-conditioning

Front 63

Wilhelm Wundt

Back 63

-1879
-Founder of psychology
-primary focus was consciousness

Front 64

Acetylcholine ACH

Back 64

-skeletal muscle groups
-attention; arousal awareness
-memory

Front 65

Dopamine DA

Back 65

-voluntary movement
-pleasurable emotions
-too much: schizophrenia
-Too little: depression

Front 66

Norepinephrine NE

Back 66

-regulates mood and emotions
-arousal

Front 67

Serotonin

Back 67

ACH, DA and Serotonin help to do everyday things/needs
-regulates both sleep and wakefulness

Front 68

Gaba

Back 68

-produces inhibitory PSP's
-sends out messages to slow down neural pathways (calming)

Front 69

Endorphins

Back 69

-painkillers
-adrenaline-type rush
-pleasurable emotions

Front 70

Peripheral
-Somatic and Autonomic
I
-voluntary
-afferent and efferent

Back 70

Autonomic
I
Involuntary
I
Sympathetic and Parasympathetic;
mobilizing and conservative

Front 71

Hypothalamus

Back 71

-serves as a relay system

Front 72

Pituitary Gland

Back 72

"Master Gland"

Front 73

Anterior Pituitary

Back 73

-testes/ovaries
-breast milk
-metabolism
-reactions to stress

Front 74

Posterior Pituitary

Back 74

-Uterus constriction
-H2O conservation

Front 75

Thyroid Gland

Back 75

-metabolism
-growth development

Front 76

Parathyroid

Back 76

-Calcium levels in the blood

Front 77

Pancreas

Back 77

-Glucose
-Metabolism

Front 78

Adrenal Glands

Back 78

-Fight/flight
-Metabolism
-Female libido

Front 79

Testes

Back 79

-sperm production
-male libido

Front 80

Hindbrain

Back 80

-includes the cerebellum, medulla and the pons

Front 81

Medulla

Back 81

-Circulating blood
-breathing
-maintaining muscle tone
-reflexes (sneezing; coughing)

Front 82

Pons

Back 82

-A bridge of fibers that connects the brainstem with the cerebellum

Front 83

Cerebellum

Back 83

-rear of the brain
-coordinatoin of movement
-equilibrium
-fine motor skills (writing)

Front 84

Midbrain

Back 84

-Integrating sensory processes (vision and hearing)
-includes Reticular Formation: regulation of sleep and arousal

Front 85

Forebrain

Back 85

-includes the Thalamus, Hypothalamus, cerebrum, and the limbic system

Front 86

Thalamus

Back 86

-structure where all sensory information must pass to get to the cerebral cortex
-passive relay station

Front 87

Hypothalamus

Back 87

-regulator of all biological needs related to survival (fighting, fleeing, feeding)

Front 88

Limbic System

Back 88

-regulation of emotions, memory, and motivation

Front 89

Cerebrum

Back 89

-complex mental activities (learning, remembering, thinking and consciousness)
- Cerebral Cortex: convoluted outer layer of the cerebrum

Front 90

Occipital and Parietal Lobe

Back 90

Occipital: back of the head; visual signals and processing
Parietal: registers the sense of touch