Ap Psychology Myers 9E Chapter 9

Front 1

The mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating

Back 1

Cognition

Front 2

A mental grouping of similar objects, events, ideas, or people

Back 2

Concept

Front 3

A mental image or best example of a category

Back 3

Prototype

Front 4

A methodical, logical rule or procedure that guarantees solving a particular problem

Back 4

Algorithm

Front 5

A simple thinking strategy that often allows us to make judgements and solve problems efficiently

Back 5

Heuristic

Front 6

A sudden and often novel realisation of the solution to a problem

Back 6

Insight

Front 7

A tendency to search for information that supports our preconceptions and to ignore distort contradictory evidence

Back 7

Confirmation Bias

Front 8

The inability to see a problem from a new perspective, by employing a different mental set

Back 8

Fixation

Front 9

A tendency to approach a problem in one particular way, often a way that has been successful in the past

Back 9

Mental Set

Front 10

The tendency to think of things only in terms of their usual function

Back 10

Functional Fixedness

Front 11

Judging the likelihood of things in terms of how well they seem to represent or match particular prototypes

Back 11

Representativeness Heuristic

Front 12

Estimating the likelihood of events based on their availability in memory

Back 12

Availability Heuristic

Front 13

The tendency to be more confident than correct - to overestimate the accuracy of our beliefs and judgements

Back 13

Overconfidence

Front 14

Clinging to one's initial conceptions after the basis on which they were formed has been discredited

Back 14

Belief Perseverance

Front 15

An effortless, immediate automatic feeling or thought

Back 15

Intuition

Front 16

The way an issue is posed

Back 16

Framing

Front 17

Our spoken, written, or signed words and the ways we combine them to communicate meaning

Back 17

Language

Front 18

In language, the smallest distinctive sound unit

Back 18

Phoneme

Front 19

In a language, a system of rules that enables us to communicate with an understand others

Back 19

Morpheme

Front 20

In a language, a system of rules that enables us to communicate with and understand others

Back 20

Grammar

Front 21

The set of rules by which we derive meaning from morphemes, words, and sentences in a given language

Back 21

Semantics

Front 22

The rules for combining words into grammatically sensible sentences in a given language

Back 22

Syntax

Front 23

Beginning at about 4 months, the stage of speech development in which the infant spontaneously utters various sounds at first unrelated to the household language

Back 23

Babbling Stage

Front 24

The stage in speech development, from about age 1 to 2, during which a child speaks mostly in single words

Back 24

One-Word Stage

Front 25

Beginning about age 2, the stage in speech development during which a child speaks mostly two-word statements

Back 25

Two-Word Stage

Front 26

Early speech stage in which a child speaks like a telegram - "go car" - using mostly nouns and verbs

Back 26

Telagraphic Speech

Front 27

Impairment of language, usually caused by left hemisphere damage either to Broca's area (impairing speaking) or to Wernicke's area (impairing understanding)

Back 27

Aphasia

Front 28

Controls language expression - an area of the frontal lobe usually in the left hemisphere, that directs the muscle movements involved in speech

Back 28

Broca's Area

Front 29

Controls language reception; usually in the left temporal lobe

Back 29

Wernicke's Area

Front 30

Whorf's hypothesis that language determines the way we think

Back 30

Linguistic Determinism