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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information
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Memory
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The processing of info into the memory system
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Encoding
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The retention of encoded info over time
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Storage
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The process of getting info out of memory storage
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Retrieval
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The immediate, very brief recording of sensory info in the memory system
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Sensory Memory
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Activated memory that holds a few items briefly before the information is stored or forgotten
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Short-Term Memory
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The relatively persistent and limitless storehouse of the memory system, includes knowledge, skills, and experiences
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Long-Term Memory
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A new understanding of short-term memory that focuses on conscious, active processing of incoming auditory and visual-spatial information retrieved from long-term memory
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Working Memory
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Unconscious encoding of incidental information (i.e. space, time, and frequency and of well learned information such as word meanings)
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Automatic Processing
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Encoding that requires attention and conscious effort
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Effortful Processing
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The conscious repetition of information, either to maintain it in consciousness or to encode it for storage
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Rehearsal
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The tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention than is achieved through masses study or practice
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Spacing effect
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our tendency to recall vest the last and first items in a list
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Serial Position Effect
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The encoding of picture images
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Visual Encoding
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The encoding of sound
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Acoustic Encoding
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The encoding of meaning
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Semantic Encoding
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Mental pictures
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Imagery
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Memory aids, esp. those techniques that used vivid imagery and organizational devices
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Mnemonics
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Organising items into familiar, manageable units; often occurs automatically
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Chunking
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A momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli; "photographic"
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Iconic Memory
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A momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli
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Echoic Memory
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An increase in a synapse's firing potential after brief, rapid stimulation; believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory
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Long-Term Potentiation
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A clear memory of and emotionally significant moment or event
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Flashbulb Memory
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The loss of memory
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Amnesia
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Retention independent of conscious recollection
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Implicit (non-declarative) Memory
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Memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and "declare"
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Explicit (declarative) Memory
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A neural centre that is located in the limbic system; helps process explicit memories for storage
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Hippocampus
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A measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learned earlier
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Recall
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A measure of memory in which the person need only identify items preciously learned
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Recognition
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A measure of memory that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material for a second time
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Relearning
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The activation, often unconsciously, of particular associations in memory
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Priming
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That eerie sense that "I've experience this before."
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Déjà Vu
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The tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with ones's current good or bad mood
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Mood-Congruent Memory
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The disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information
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Proactive Interference
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The disruptive effect of new information on the recall of old information
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Retroactive Interference
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In psychoanalytic theory, the basic defence mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts, feelings, and memories
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Repression
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Incorporating misleading information into one's memory of an event
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Misinformation Effect
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Attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced, heard about, read about, or imagined
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Source Amnesia
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