Ap Psychology Ch. 16 And 17

Front 1

Psychological disorder

Back 1

Deviant, distressful, and dysfunctional behavior patterns

Front 2

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD)

Back 2

A psychological disorder marked by the appearance by age 7 of one or more of 3 keys symptoms: extreme inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity

Front 3

Medical model

Back 3

The concept that diseases have physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated, and in most cases, cured. When applied to psychological disorders, the medical model assumes that these mental illnesses can be diagnosed on the basis of their symptoms and cured through therapy, which may include treatment in a psychiatric hospital

Front 4

DSM-IV

Back 4

The american psychiatric associations diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th edition), a widely used system for classifying psychological disorders. Presently distributed in an updated "text-revision"

Front 5

Anxiety disorders

Back 5

Psychological disorders characterized by distressing, persistent anxiety or maladaptive behaviors that reduce anxiety

Front 6

Generalized anxiety disorder

Back 6

An anxiety disorder in which a person is continually tense, apprehensive, and in a state of automatic nervous system arousal

Front 7

Panic disorder

Back 7

A person experiences sudden episodes of intense dread

Front 8

Phobias

Back 8

An anxiety disorder marked by a persistent, irrational fear and avoidance of a specific object or situation

Front 9

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)

Back 9

An anxiety disorder characterized by unwanted repetitive thoughts (obsessions) and/or actions(compulsions)

Front 10

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

Back 10

An anxiety disorder characterized by haunting memories, nightmares, social withdrawal, jumpy anxiety, and/or insomnia that lingers for four weeks or more after a traumatic experience

Front 11

Mood disorders

Back 11

Psychological disorders characterized by emotional extremes

Front 12

Major depressive disorder

Back 12

A mood disorder in which a person experiences, in the absence of drugs or a medical condition, two or more weeks of significantly depressed moods, feelings of worthlessness, and diminished interest or pleasure in most activities

Front 13

Bipolar disorder

Back 13

A mood disorder in which the person alternates between the hopelessness and lethargy of depression and the overexcited state of mania( formerly called manic-depressive disorder)

Front 14

Mania

Back 14

A mood disorder marked by a hyperactive, wildly optimistic state

Front 15

Schizophrenia

Back 15

A group of severe disorders characterized by disorganized and delusional thinking, disturbed perceptions, and inappropriate emotions and actions

Front 16

Delusions

Back 16

False beliefs, often of persecution or grandeur, that may accompany psychotic disorders

Front 17

Personality disorders

Back 17

Psychological disorders characterized by inflexible and enduring behavior patterns that impair social functioning

Front 18

Antisocial personality disorder

Back 18

A personality disorder in which the person(usually a man) exhibits a lack of conscience for wrongdoing, even toward friends and family members. May be aggressive and ruthless or a clever con artist

Front 19

Psychotherapy

Back 19

An emotionally charged, confiding interaction between a trained therapist and someone who suffers from psychological difficulties

Front 20

Biomedical therapy

Back 20

Prescribed medications or medical procedures that act directly on the patient's nervous system

Front 21

Ecelectic approach

Back 21

An approach to psychotherapy that, depending on the client's problems, uses techniques from various forms of therapy

Front 22

Psychoanalysis

Back 22

Freud's therapeutic technique. Freud believed the patient's free associations, resistances, dreams, and transferences-and the therapist's interpretations of them- releasing previously repressed feelings, allowing the patient to gain self-insight

Front 23

Resistance

Back 23

Is psychoanalysis, the blocking from consciousness of anxiety-laden material

Front 24

Interpretation

Back 24

In psychoanalysis, the analyst's noting supposed dream meanings, resistances, and other significant behaviors and events in order to promote insight

Front 25

Transference

Back 25

In psychoanalysis, the patient's transfer to the analyst of emotions linked with other relationships( such as love or hatred for a parent)

Front 26

Client-centered therapy

Back 26

A humanistic therapy, developed by Carl Rogers, in which the therapist uses techniques such as active listening within a genuine, accepting, empathetic environment to facilitate clients' growth( also called person-centered therapy)

Front 27

Active listening

Back 27

Empathetic listening in which the listener echoes, restates, and clarifies. A feature of Rogers' client-centered therapy

Front 28

Behavior therapy

Back 28

Therapy that applies learning principles to the elimination of unwanted behaviors

Front 29

Counterconditioning

Back 29

A behavior therapy procedure that conditions new responses to stimuli that trigger unwanted behaviors; based on classical conditioning. Includes exposure therapy and aversive conditioning

Front 30

Exposure therapies

Back 30

Behavioral techniques, such as systematic desensitization, that treat anxieties by exposing people( in imagination or actuality) to the things they fear and avoid

Front 31

Systematic desensitization

Back 31

A type of Counterconditioning that associates a pleasant relaxed state with gradually increasing anxiety-triggering stimuli. Commonly used to treat phobias

Front 32

Virtual reality exposure therapy

Back 32

An anxiety treatment that progressively exposes people to simulations of their greatest fears, such as airplane flying, spiders, or public speaking

Front 33

Aversive conditioning

Back 33

A type of Counterconditioning that associates an unpleasant state( such as nausea) with an unwanted behavior( such as drinking alcohol)

Front 34

Token economy

Back 34

An operant conditioning procedure in which people earn a token of some sort for exhibiting a desired behavior

Front 35

Cognitive therapies

Back 35

Therapy that teaches people new, more adaptive ways of thinking and acting; based on the assumption that thoughts intervene between events and our emotional reactions

Front 36

Cognitive-behavior therapy

Back 36

A popular integrated therapy that combines cognitive therapy( changing self-defeating thinking) with behavior therapy(changing behavior)

Front 37

Family therapy

Back 37

Therapy that treats the family as a system. Views an individual's unwanted behaviors as influenced by or directed at other family members; attempts to guide family members toward positive relationships and improved communication

Front 38

Psychopharmacology

Back 38

The study of the effects of drugs on mind and behavior

Front 39

Tardive dyskinesia

Back 39

Involuntary movements of the facial muscles, tongue, and limbs; a possible neurotoxic side effect of long-term use of antipsychotic drugs that target D2 dopamine receptors

Front 40

Electroconvulsive therapy(ECT)

Back 40

A biomedical therapy for severely depressed patients in which a brief electric current is sent through the brain of an anesthetized patient

Front 41

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS)

Back 41

The application of repeated pulses of magnetic energy to the brain; used to stimulate or suppress brain activity

Front 42

Psychosurgery

Back 42

Surgery that removes or destroys brain tissue in an effort to change behavior

Front 43

Lobotomy

Back 43

A now rare psychological procedure once used to calm uncontrollably emotional or violent patients. The procedure cut the nerves that connect the frontal lobes to the emotion- controlling centers of inner brain