Ap Psychology

Front 1

a need or desire that energized and directs behavior

Back 1

motivation

Front 2

a complex behavior that is rigidly patterned throughout a species and is unrelated

Back 2

instinct

Front 3

the idea that a physiological need creates an aroused tension state (a drive) that motivates an organism to satisfy the need

Back 3

drive-reduction theory

Front 4

a tendency to maintain a balancced or constant internal state; the regulation of any aspect of body chemistry, such as blood glucose, around a particular level

Back 4

homeostasis

Front 5

a positive or negative environment stimulus that motivates behavior

Back 5

incentive

Front 6

Maslow's pyramid of human needs, beginning at the base with physiological needs that must first be satisfied before higher-level safety needs and then psychological needs become active

Back 6

hierarchy of needs

Front 7

the form of sugar the circulates in the blood and provides the major source of energy for body tissues

Back 7

glucose

Front 8

the point at which an individual's "weight thermostat" is supposedly set.

Back 8

set point

Front 9

the body's resting rate of energy expenditure

Back 9

basal metabolic rate

Front 10

an eating disorder in which a person diets and becomes significantly underweight, yet still feeling fat, continues to starve

Back 10

anorexia nervosa

Front 11

an eating disorder characterized by episodes of overeating, usually high-calorie foods, followed by vomiting, laxative use, fasting, or excessive exercise

Back 11

bulimia nervosa

Front 12

significant binge-eating episodes, followed by distress, disgust, or guilt

Back 12

binge-eating disorder

Front 13

the four stages or sexual responding-- excitement, plateau, orgasm, and resolution

Back 13

sexual response cycle

Front 14

a resting period after orgasm, during which a man cannot achieve another orgasm

Back 14

refractory period

Front 15

sex hormones secreted in greater amount by females than males; levels peak during ovulation, promoting sexual receptivity in nonhuman females

Back 15

estrogens

Front 16

the most important of male sex hormones; stimulates growth of the male sex organs in the fetus and the development of male sex characteristics during puberty

Back 16

testosterone

Front 17

an enduring sexual attraction toward members of either one's own sex (homosexual attraction) or the other sex (heterosexual orientation)

Back 17

sexual orientation

Front 18

a response of the whole organism, involving 1) physiological arousal, 2) expressive behaviors, 3)conscious experience

Back 18

emotion

Front 19

the theory that our experience of emotion is our awareness of our phyisiological responses to emotion-arousing stimuli

Back 19

James-Lange theory

Front 20

the theory that an emotion-arousing stimulus simultaneously triggers 1) physiological responses and 2) the subjective experiences of emotion

Back 20

Cannon-Bard theory

Front 21

the Schachter-Singer theory that to experience emotion on must 1) be physically aroused and 2) cognitively label the arousal

Back 21

Two-factor theory

Front 22

a machine, commonly used in attempts to detect lies, that measure several of the physiological responses accompanying emotion

Back 22

polygraph

Front 23

the effect of facial expressions on experienced emotions, as when a facial expression of anger or happiness intensifies feelings of anger or happiness

Back 23

facial feedback

Front 24

emotional release; "releasing" aggressive energy relieves aggressive urges

Back 24

catharsis

Front 25

people's tendency to be helpful when already in a good mood

Back 25

feel-good do-good phenomenon

Front 26

self-perceived happiness or satisfaction with life; used along with measures of abjective well-being to evaluate people's quality of life

Back 26

well-being

Front 27

our tendency to form judgments relative to a neutral level defined by our prior experience

Back 27

adaptation-level phenomenon

Front 28

the perception that we are worse off relative to those with whom we compare ourselves

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relative deprivation

Front 29

in interdisciplinary field that integrates behavior and medical knowledge and applies that knowledge to health and disease

Back 29

behavioral medicine

Front 30

a subfield of psychology that provides psychology's contribution to behavioral medicine

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health psychology

Front 31

the process by which we perceive and respond to ceertain events that we appraise as threatening or challenging

Back 31

stress

Front 32

Selye's concept of the body's adaptive response to stress in three phases-- alarm, resistance, exhaustion

Back 32

General Adaption Syndrome (GAS)

Front 33

the clogging of the vessels that nourish the heart muscle

Back 33

coronary heart disease

Front 34

Friedman and Rosenman's term for competitive, hard-driving, impatient, verbally aggressive, and anger-prone people

Back 34

Type A

Front 35

Friedman and Rosenman's term for easygoing, relaxed people

Back 35

Type B

Front 36

litterally "mind-body" illness; any stress-related physical illness, such as hypertension and some headaches

Back 36

psychophysiological illness

Front 37

the study of how psychological, neural, and endocrine processes together affect the immune system and resulting health

Back 37

psychoneuroimmunology (PNI)

Front 38

the two types of white blood cells that are part of the body's immune system

Back 38

lymphocytes

Front 39

lymphocytes formed in the bone marrow and release anibodies that fight bacterial infections

Back 39

B lymphocytes

Front 40

lymphocytes formed in the thymus and other lymphatic tissue and attack cancer cells, viruses, and foreign substances

Back 40

T lymphocytes

Front 41

the process by which we perceive and respond to ceertain events that we appraise as threatening or challenging

Back 41

stress

Front 42

Selye's concept of the body's adaptive response to stress in three phases-- alarm, resistance, exhaustion

Back 42

General Adaption Syndrome (GAS)

Front 43

the clogging of the vessels that nourish the heart muscle

Back 43

coronary heart disease

Front 44

Friedman and Rosenman's term for competitive, hard-driving, impatient, verbally aggressive, and anger-prone people

Back 44

Type A

Front 45

Friedman and Rosenman's term for easygoing, relaxed people

Back 45

Type B

Front 46

litterally "mind-body" illness; any stress-related physical illness, such as hypertension and some headaches

Back 46

psychophysiological illness

Front 47

the study of how psychological, neural, and endocrine processes together affect the immune system and resulting health

Back 47

psychoneuroimmunology (PNI)

Front 48

the two types of white blood cells that are part of the body's immune system

Back 48

lymphocytes

Front 49

lymphocytes formed in the bone marrow and release anibodies that fight bacterial infections

Back 49

B lymphocytes

Front 50

lymphocytes formed in the thymus and other lymphatic tissue and attack cancer cells, viruses, and foreign substances

Back 50

T lymphocytes