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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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motivation |
U8A Motivation
a need or desire that energizes and directs behavior ex: the will to live in spite of pain or danger |
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instinct |
U8A Motivation a complex behavior that is rigidly patterned throughout a species and is unlearned ex: infants sucking |
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drive-reduction theory |
U8A Motivation idea that a physiological need creates an aroused tension state (a drive) that motivates an organism to satisfy the need ex: the need to eat or drink |
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homeostasis |
U8A Motivation tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state; regulation of any aspect of body chemistry, eg blood glucose, around a particular level ex: body temp 98.6°F |
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incentive |
U8A Motivation a positive or negative environmental stimulus that motivates behavior ex: a $50 bonus if you sell 10 gym memberships |
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hierarchy of needs |
U8A Motivation Maslow's pyramid of human needs, beginning at the base w physiological needs that must first be satisfied before higher-level safety needs then psychological needs become active |
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glucose |
U8A Motivation the form of sugar that circulates in the blood and provides the major source of energy for body tissues. When its level is low, we feel hunger. |
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set point |
U8A Motivation point at which an individual's "weight thermostat" is supposedly set. When the body falls below this weight, hunger increases metabolic rate lowers to restore lost weight ex: losing weight only to put it back on right away |
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basal metabolic rate |
U8A Motivation the body's resting rate of energy expenditure ex: if deprived of food, it will lower to accommodate |
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anorexia nervosa |
U8A Motivation eating disorder in which a person (usually an adolescent female) diets and becomes significantly (15%+) underweight, yet continues to starve herself because she "feels fat" |
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bulimia nervosa |
U8A Motivation eating disorder characterized by episodes of over-eating, usually of high-calorie foods, followed by vomiting, laxative use, fasting or excessive exercise ex: binge and purge |
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binge-eating disorder |
U8A Motivation significant binge-eating episodes, followed by distress, disgust, or guilt, but w/o compensatory purging, fasting or excessive exercise that marks bulimia nervosa ex: binge but no purge just guilt |
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sexual response cycle |
U8A Motivation the four stages of sexual responding described by Masters and Johnson—excitement, plateau, orgasm and resolution |
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refractory period |
U8A Motivation a resting period after orgasm during which a man cannot achieve another orgasm |
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estrogens |
U8A Motivation sex hormones, such as estradiol, secreted in greater acts by females than by males which contribute to email sex characteristics. ex: peaks during ovulation to advance fertility |
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testosterone |
U8A Motivation most important of the male sex hormones, stimulates growth of the male sex organs in utero and development in puberty; females have it in lesser amounts ex: fuel that helps drive sexual activity |
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sexual orientation |
U8A Motivation an enduring sexual attraction toward members of either one's own sex (homosexual) or the other sex (heterosexual) ex: which sex you want to date |
