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102 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Ch.1 What is functionalism |
aspects of a society serve a purpose and are all indispensable for the long-term survival of society(internal states +external behaviors) |
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Ch.1 Definition of Psychology |
The science of the mind and behavior |
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Ch.1 Evolutionary Perspective |
mental and psychological traits that are products of natural selection |
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Ch.1 Behavioral Psychology or behavorism |
A theory that suggests that the environment shapes the human behavior |
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Biological Psychology |
Application of the principles of biology to the study of mental processes and behavior |
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Ch.2 Hindsight Bias |
The tendency to believe after learning an outcome that one would have seen it |
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Ch.2 What is a hypothesis? |
A hypothesis is a testable prediction often implied by theory |
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ch.2 correlation coefficient |
indicate a measure of the direction and strength of relationship between two variables (weak or strong correlation) |
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Mean |
Average of the numbers (add them all up and divide) |
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Ch.2 Median |
middle number |
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Ch.2 double-blind procedure |
both the experimenter and the participants don’t know which group is which to prevent bias |
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Unit 2 Illusory Correlation |
The perception of a relationship where none exist |
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Ch.2 Control Group |
in an experiment the group that is not exposed to the treatment |
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Ch.3 Action Potential |
A neural impulses, a brief electrical charge the travels down an axon |
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Ch.3 Agonist |
A molecule that by binding to receptor site stimulates a response |
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ch.3 Antagonist |
A molecule that binding binding to receptor site inhibits or blocks a response |
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ch.3 Reticular Formation |
A nerve network that travels through the brain stem in thalamus and plays an important role in controlling arousal |
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ch.3 Central Nervous System |
receives, processes, interprets, and stores incoming sensory info |
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ch.3 PNS |
•consists of nerves and tissue outside the brain and spinal cord • somatic and autonomic nervous system |
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ch.3 endocrine system |
System of glands that secrete hormones that affect many different biological functions in the body |
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ch.3 endocrine system |
System of glands that secrete hormones that affect many different biological functions in the body |
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ch.3 interneurons |
neurons within the brain and spinal cord that communicate internally and intervene between sensory inputs and motor inputs |
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ch.3 dendrite |
The bushy branching extensions of a neuron that receive messages and conduct impulses toward the cell body |
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ch.3 dendrite |
The bushy branching extensions of a neuron that receive messages and conduct impulses toward the cell body |
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Ch.3 Medulla |
Base of brainstem; Controls heartbeat and breathing |
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Ch.3 Hypothalamus |
A neural structure below the thalamus that regulate body temperature eating and drinking |
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ch.3 Parietal Lobe |
receive sensory input for touch /body position |
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ch.3 SomaticNS |
System that controls the body skeletal muscles |
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ch.3 Thalamus |
Direct messages to the century receiving areas in the cortex and transmit replies to the cerebellum and medulla |
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ch.4 post hypnotic suggestion |
A suggestion made during a hip gnosis to be carried out after the subject is no longer hypnotized |
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ch.4 post hypnotic suggestion |
A suggestion made during a hip gnosis to be carried out after the subject is no longer hypnotized |
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Ch.4 Dissociation |
A split in consciousness which allows some thoughts and behaviors to occur simultaneously with others |
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ch.4 Sleep apnea |
A sleep disorder characterized by temporary cessations of breathing during sleep and repeated awakenings |
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Ch.4 Latent v Manifest Content |
Latent=underlying meaning Manifest=plot line of the dream |
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Ch.4 Latent v Manifest Content |
Latent=underlying meaning Manifest=plot line of the dream |
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ch.4 divided conscious theory |
A psychological state in which ones consciousness is split into distinct components during Hipnosis |
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ch.4 Inattentional Blindness |
occurs when an individual fails to perceive a stimulus in plain sight |
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ch.4 Selective Attention |
process of focusing on a particular object in the environment for a certain period of time |
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ch.5 bottom up processing |
Analysis that begins with a sense receptors and works up to the brains integration of sensory info |
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ch.5 Top down processing |
info processing guided by higher level processes, we construct perceptions drawing out our experience and expectation |
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ch.5 absolute threshold |
The minimum stimulation needed to detect a particular stimulus 50% of the time |
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ch.5 Webers Law |
The principle that to be perceived as different to stimuli must differ by constant minimum percent |
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ch.5 Transduction |
conversion of one form of energy into another;transformed into neural signals |
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ch.5 pupil |
The adjustable opening in the center of the eye which light enters through |
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ch.5 Iris |
ring of muscle tissue that forms the color portion of the eye around the pupil |
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ch.5 Cones |
Receptor cells that are concentrated near the center of the right number in the function in daylight or well let condition |
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ch.5 Parallel Processing |
step by step processing of conscious problem solving |
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ch.5 Parallel Processing |
step by step processing of conscious problem solving |
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Ch.5 Helmholtz Theory |
The theory that the retina contains three different color receptors including red green and blue |
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ch.5 Basilar Membrane |
Area within the cochlea where hair cells are located |
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ch.5 Gestalt Psychology |
a perceptual whole; pieces making up a whole |
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ch.5 Interposition |
binocular Q for depth perception, if one object partially blocks our view of another object, we perceive it as closer |
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ch.5 Linear Perspective |
The more parallel Lines converge the greater the perceived distance |
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ch.5 Rods |
retinal receptors that detect black white and gray |
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ch.5 Rods |
retinal receptors that detect black white and gray |
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ch.5 Sensourinal Hearing loss |
hearing loss caused by damage to the cochlea‘s receptor cells |
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ch.5 Rods |
retinal receptors that detect black white and gray |
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ch.5 Sensourinal Hearing loss |
hearing loss caused by damage to the cochlea‘s receptor cells |
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ch.5 Gate Control Theory |
theory that the spinal cord contains a neurological gait that blocks pain signals and allows them to pass onto the brain |
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Ch.6 Learning |
process of acquiring new in relative information or behaviors |
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ch.5 Classical conditioning |
type of learning in which one learns to link to her more stimuli and anticipate events |
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ch.5 Unconditioned Response |
and unlearned naturally occurring response to the unconditioned stimulus ex: salivating when food is near |
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ch.5 Unconditioned Stimulus |
The stimulus that unconditionally and automatically triggers a response |
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Unit 5 Conditioned Response |
A learned response to previously neutral stimulus |
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Unit 5 Conditioned Stimulus |
an original stimulus that after association with an unconditioned stimulus comes to trigger a conditioned response |
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Unit 5 extinction |
The diminishing of a conditioned response |
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ch.5 Operant Conditioning |
A type of learning in with your behavior is strengthened if followed by reinforcer or diminished by punisher |
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Unit 5 Spontaneous Recovery |
The reappearance after a pause of an extinguished conditioned response |
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Unit 5 Reinforcement |
in operant conditioning, any event that strengthens the behavior it follows |
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Unit 5 Reinforcement |
in operant conditioning, any event that strengthens the behavior it follows |
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Unit 5 Shaping |
reinforcers guide behavior toward closer and closer approximations of the desired behavior |
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Ch.5 Operant Behavior |
behavior that operates on the environment |
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Unit 5 Learned Helplessness |
The helplessness and passive resignation of an animal or human that they learn when unable to avoid repeated events |
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Unit 6 Behavioral Learning Theory |
The things we experience in our environment are the drivers of how we act (SKINNER behaviorish) |
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Unit 6 Thordike Law of Effect |
suggested that when satisfaction follows an association, it is more likely to be repeated |
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Unit 6 Father of behaviorism |
Watson |
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Unit 7 Encoding |
process of info into the memory system |
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Unit 7 Encoding |
process of info into the memory system |
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unit 7 storage |
process of retaining and coding info overtime |
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Unit 7 retrieval |
process of getting info out of memory storage |
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Unit 7 retrieval |
process of getting info out of memory storage |
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Unit 7 Explicit Memory |
memory affects and experiences that one can consciously know and retrieve |
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Unit 7 retrieval |
process of getting info out of memory storage |
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Unit 7 Explicit Memory |
memory affects and experiences that one can consciously know and retrieve |
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Unit 7 Iconic Memory |
A momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli;recall for a few moments |
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Unit 7 retrieval |
process of getting info out of memory storage |
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Unit 7 Explicit Memory |
memory affects and experiences that one can consciously know and retrieve |
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Unit 7 Iconic Memory |
A momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli;recall for a few moments |
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Unit 7 Implicit Memory |
retention independent of conscious recollection |
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Unit 7 Chunking |
organizing items into familiar units |
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Unit 7 Spacing Effect |
The tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term info that is achieved through mass study or practice |
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Unit 7 Flashbulb Memory |
A clear memory of an emotionally significant event |
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Unit 7 Amnesia |
Anterograde Amnesia: An inability to form new memories Retrograde Amnesia: an inability to retrieve info from one’s past |
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Unit 7 Misinfo Effect |
incorporating misleading info into one’s memory of an event |
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Unit 7 Source Amnesia |
contributing to the wrong source an event we have experience heard about or imagined (false memories ) |
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Unit 7 Comvergent Thinking |
narrows the available problem solutions to determine the single best solution |
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Unit 7 Comvergent Thinking |
narrows the available problem solutions to determine the single best solution |
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Unit 7 Divergent Thinking |
expands the number of possible problem solutions |
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Unit 7 Confirmation Bias |
A tendency to search for info that supports our pre-conceptions |
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Unit 7 Mental Set |
tendency to approach a problem in one particular way |
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Unit 7 Broca’s Area |
Controls language expression and is an area of the frontal lobe |
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Unit 7 Linguistic Determinism |
language determines the way we think |
