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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Structuralism |
mind operates by subjunctive emotions and objective sensations |
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functionalism |
how emotions/sensations function in our life |
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humanism |
emphasizes humans/freedom; potential for personal growth |
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ethnocentrism |
belief that ones group is superior to others |
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behaviorism |
must be observable and favorable
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psychoanalysis |
UNCONSCIOUS mind CHILDHOOD memories SEX(ual) urges
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introspection |
self-observation of experiences |
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cognitive |
think good -> do good |
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Carl Rogers |
HUMANIST |
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BF Skinner |
Behaviorism -external/environmental factors contributed to behavior **free will is an illusion |
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Wilhelm Wundt |
STRUCTURALISM - founder of psych - 1st lab in Germany |
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William James |
FUNCTIONALISM - 1st psych textbook |
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John Watson |
BEHAVIORISM
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G. Stanley Hall |
-W. Wundt's student; brought Psych to USA -APA's 1st student |
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Abraham Maslow |
HUMANIST -hierarchy |
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Sigmund Freud |
PSYCHOANALYSIS: -background details of patients lives
-controversial b/c: Freud suggested that people weren't masters of their own mind; other urges controlled them ----> ppl didn't like hearing that |
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Mary Calkins |
1st woman president of the APA |
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empiricism |
all knowledge is derived from sense-experience --->experimental science |
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theory |
a system of interrelated ideas to explain set of observations |
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hypothesis |
a tentative statement about the relationship b/w 2 or more variables |
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independent variable |
condition/event that experimenter varies to see impact on other variable |
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dependent variable |
variable that is thought to be affected by manipulation of independent variable |
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extraneous variable |
variables that affect the outcome |
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confounding variable |
(subset of extraneous variable) one that is a surprise |
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stimulus variable |
any conditions or manipulation by the experiments of the environment that evokes a response in an organization |
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experimental group |
consists of subject who receive special treatment in regard to independent variable |
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control group |
similar subjects who do NOT receive the special treatment given to the experimental groupatn |
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naturalistic observation |
researcher engages in careful observation of behavior w/o intervening directly w/ subjects |
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case study research |
in-depth investigation of an individual subject |
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surveys |
use of questionnaires/interviews to gather info about specific aspects of pp.'s background/behavior |
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median |
the score that falls exactly in the center of a distribution of scores |
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mean |
arithmetic average of scores in a distribution |
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MODE |
most frequently score in a distribution variability refers to how much the scores in a data set vary from each other and from the mean |
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positive correlation |
indicates that two variables co-vary in the SAME direction |
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negative correlation |
indicates two variables co-vary in the OPPOSITE direction |
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placebo effect |
occur when participant's expectation lead them to experience change |
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social desirability bias |
a tendence to give socially approved answers to questions about oneself |
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experimental bias |
occurs when a research's expectations/preferences about the outcome of a study influence the results obtained |
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standard deviation |
he standard deviation measures the amount of variation or dispersion from the average |
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deception |
to trick the patients into something to experiment based on their responsive behavior |
