Ap Psych Chapter 3

Front 1

Phrenology

Back 1

A psuedo-science that studied the bumps on a person's head to determine personality.

Front 2

Sensory Neurons (afferent)

Back 2

Info body's tissue and sensory organs.

Front 3

Motor Neurons (efferent)

Back 3

CNS to body's tissues.

Front 4

Interneurons

Back 4

Internal communication of CNS

Front 5

Neural Networks

Back 5

Neurons working in groups to accomplish tasks.

Front 6

Action Potential

Back 6

A neural impulse, brief electrical charge that travels down the axon.

Front 7

All or None

Back 7

First neuron needs hard enough push to get rest to go, once 1 goes, they all go.

Front 8

Refractory Period

Back 8

Recharging period of a neuron, building new action potential.

Front 9

Resting Potential

Back 9

When neuron is charged but, waiting for new action potential.

Front 10

Somatic Nervous System

Back 10

Controls voluntary movement of skeletal muscles.

Front 11

Autonomic Nervous System

Back 11

Controls internal biological functions.

Front 12

Sympathetic Nervous System

Back 12

Fight or flight, speeds up heart, constricts some arteries, and relaxes others so that blood flows, needed in emergencies.

Front 13

Parasympathetic Nervous System

Back 13

Works to conserve energy and enhance the body's ability to recover. Reduces heart rate and blood pressure.

Front 14

Cerebellum

Back 14

Posture, balance, voluntary movements

Front 15

Medulla

Back 15

Controls breathing, heart rate, and other reflexes.

Front 16

Pons

Back 16

Bridge between spinal cord and brain, chemicals for sleeping.

Front 17

Reticular Activating System

Back 17

RAS- smallest part, alert system about incoming signals.

Front 18

Forebrain

Back 18

Covers the central core, complex actions.

Front 19

Thalamus

Back 19

Sensory input, relay station.

Front 20

Limbic System

Back 20

Regulates emotional motives

Front 21

Hypothalamus

Back 21

Controls functions such as hunger, thirst, sexual drive, and temp. control.

Front 22

Amygdala

Back 22

Controls violent emotions.

Front 23

Hippocampus

Back 23

Formation of memories.

Front 24

Occipital Lobe

Back 24

Vision.

Front 25

Parietal Lobe

Back 25

Body sensations and movement.

Front 26

Frontal Lobe

Back 26

Critical thinking and personality.

Front 27

Temporal Lobe

Back 27

Hearing, advanced visual processing, emotions

Front 28

Left Hemisphere

Back 28

Speaking and understanding language, reading, writing, mathematics (algebra), analytical, seeing things separately.

Front 29

Right Hemisphere

Back 29

Nonverbal, spatial, geometry, holistic, combing parts that makeup the whole, music and artsy.

Front 30

Brain's Plasticity

Back 30

Ability of the brain to reorganize after being damaged.

Front 31

Chronic Traumatic Encepnalopathy

Back 31

A progressive degenerative disease, diagnosed post-mortem in individuals with a history of multiple concussions and other forms of head injury.

Front 32

Split-Brain Operation

Back 32

Separating the corpus callosum to stop or minimize seizures.

Front 33

Hemispherectomy

Back 33

Removing half of a person's brain to minimize the spread of disease or infection.

Front 34

Psychosurgery

Back 34

Destruction of brain tissue for the purpose of treating mental disorders.

(Lobotomies)

Front 35

Recording

Back 35

Electrodes hooked up to person's brain to record the activity.

Front 36

Stimulation

Back 36

Using electrodes to set off neurons to locate or solve problems.

Front 37

Lesions

Back 37

Controversial, take an animal and cut/remove a part of the brain, study outcome.

Front 38

Accidents

Back 38

Taking a case study of people or animals who have suffered brain traumas and studying outcome.

Front 39

Neuroimaging

Back 39

Using technology to study brain. (CAT scans, MRI scans, PET scans).

Front 40

Endocrine System

Back 40

Chemical communication system that communicates with the brain.

Front 41

Hormones

Back 41

Chemical substances that carry messages through body in blood.

Front 42

Pituitary Gland

Back 42

Directed by hypothalamus and is center of endocrine system.

Front 43

Thyroid Gland

Back 43

Produces hormone thyroxine.

Front 44

Pancreas

Back 44

Regulates sugar in blood, produces insulin and glucagon.

Front 45

Adrenal Gland

Back 45

Active when person is angry of frightened.

Front 46

Pineal Gland

Back 46

Located by thalamus, secretes serotonin and melatonin.

Front 47

Chromosomes

Back 47

Structure made of DNA. 23 from mom, 23 from dad.

Front 48

DNA

Back 48

Molecule that contains the genetic information that makes up chromosomes.

Front 49

Genes

Back 49

Make up segments of DNA. Can be active or inactive

Front 50

Genome

Back 50

The complete instructions for making an organism, consisting of chromosomes.

Front 51

Nuture

Back 51

Your surroundings affecting your behavior.

Front 52

Molecular Genetics

Back 52

Study of molecular function of genes.

Front 53

Epigenetics

Back 53

Study environmental influences on gene expressions.