Ap Psych-Ch15-Myers

Front 1

Personality

Back 1

an individual's characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting.

Front 2

free association

Back 2

in psychoanalysis a method of exploring the unconcious in which the person relaxes and says whatever comes to mind, no matter how trivial or embarrasing.

Front 3

psychoanalysis

Back 3

Freud's thoery of personality that attributes our thoughts and actions to unconscious motives and conflicts

Front 4

unconcious

Back 4

a resevior of unacceptable thoughts, wishes, feelings, and memories

Front 5

id

Back 5

contains a resevior of unconscious psychic energy that according to Freud strives to satisfy basic sexual and aggressive drives

Front 6

ego

Back 6

the largely conscious part of personality that mediates among the demands of the id, the superego, and reality

Front 7

superego

Back 7

the part of the personality that represents internalized ideals and provides standards for judgement and for future aspirations

Front 8

psychosexual stages of development

Back 8

childhood stages of development during which the id's pleasure seeking energies focus on distinct erogenous zones

Front 9

oedipus complex

Back 9

a boy's sexual desires toward his mother and feelings of jealousy and hatred toward his father

Front 10

identification

Back 10

the process by which children incorporate their parent's values into their developing superegos

Front 11

fixation

Back 11

a lingering focus of pleasure seeking energies at an earlier psychosexual stage

Front 12

defense mechanism

Back 12

in psychoanalytic theory, the ego's protective methods of reducing anxiety by unconsiously distorting reality

Front 13

repression

Back 13

in psychoanalytic theory, the basic defense mechanism that banishes anxiety-arousing thoughts, feelings, and memories from consciousness

Front 14

regression

Back 14

defense mechanism in which an individual faced with anxiety retreats to a more infantile psychosexual stage, where some psychic energy remains fixated

Front 15

reaction formation

Back 15

the psychoanalytic defense mechanism in which the ego unconsiously switches unacceptable impulses into their opposites

Front 16

Emperically Derived Test

Back 16

A test (such as the MMPI) developed by testing a pool of items and then selectinig those that discriminate between groups.

Front 17

Social-Cognitive Perspective

Back 17

Views behavior as influenced by the interaction between persons (and their thinking) and their social context.

Front 18

Reciprocal Determinism

Back 18

The interacting influences between personality and enviromental factors.

Front 19

Personal Control

Back 19

Our sense of controlling our environment rather than feeling helpless.

Front 20

External Locus of Control

Back 20

The perception that chance or outside forces beyond one's personal control determine one's fate.

Front 21

Internal Locus of Control

Back 21

The perception that one controls one's owns fate.

Front 22

Learned Helplessness

Back 22

The hplelessness and passive resignation an animal or human learns when unable to aviod repeated aversive events.

Front 23

Positive Psychology

Back 23

The scientific study of optimal human functioning; aims to discover and promote strengths and virtues that enable individuals and communities to thrive.

Front 24

Spotlight Effect

Back 24

Overestimating others' niticing and evauluating our appearance, perfomance, and blunders (as if we presume a spotlight shines on us).

Front 25

Self-Esteem

Back 25

One's feelings of high or low self-worth.

Front 26

projection

Back 26

psychoanalytic defense mechanism in which people disguise their own threatening impulses by attributing them to others

Front 27

rationalization

Back 27

defense mechanism that offers self-justifying explanations in place of the real more threating unconscious reasons for one's actions

Front 28

displacement

Back 28

defense mechanism that shifts impulses toward a more acceptable less threatening object or person

Front 29

projective test

Back 29

a personality test that provides ambiguous stimuli designed to trigger projection of one's inner dynamics

Front 30

thematic Apperception Test

Back 30

projective test in which they project their most inner feelings and interests through the stories they make up about ambiguous scenes

Front 31

Rorschach inkblot test

Back 31

set of ten inkblots designed by Herman Rorschach that seeks to identify people's inner feelings by analyzing their interpretations of the blots

Front 32

collective unconscious

Back 32

Carl Jung's concept of a shared inherited reservior of memory traces from our species history

Front 33

self-actualization

Back 33

the ultimate physiological need that arises after basic physiological and psychological needs are met

Front 34

unconditional positive regard

Back 34

an attitude of total acceptance toward another person

Front 35

self concept

Back 35

all our thoughts and feelings about ourselves

Front 36

trait

Back 36

a characteristic pattern of behavior or disposition to feel and act

Front 37

personality inventory

Back 37

a questionnaire on which people respond to items designed to guage a wide range of feelings and behaviors

Front 38

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory

Back 38

test used for many screening purposes and originally used for identifying emontional disorders

Front 39

Self-Serving Bias

Back 39

A readiness to perceive oneself favorably.

Front 40

Individualism

Back 40

Giving priority to one's own goals over group goals, and defing one's identity in terms of personal attributes rather than group identifications.

Front 41

Collectivism

Back 41

Giving priority to the goals of one's group (often one's extended family or work group) and defining one's identity accordingly.

Front 42

Terror-Managment Theory

Back 42

Proposes that faith in one's worldview and the pursuit of self-esteem provide protection against a deeply rooted fear of death.