Ap Psych 9

Front 1

developmental psychology

Back 1

physical, cognitive, and social change throughout life span

Front 2

zygote

Back 2

fertilitzed egg

Front 3

embryo

Back 3

developing human organism from 2 weeks after fertilization to the second month

Front 4

fetus

Back 4

developing human organism from 9 weeks after conception to birth

Front 5

teratogens

Back 5

agents (chemicals and viruses) that can harm the fetus

Front 6

fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)

Back 6

abnormalities in children caused by a pregnant woman's heavy drinking (facial misproportions)

Front 7

habituation

Back 7

decreasing responsiveness with repeated stimulation (as infants gain familiarity, the lose interest sooner)

Front 8

maturation

Back 8

growth processes that enable changes in behavior, uninfluenced by experience

Front 9

cognition

Back 9

mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, communicating

Front 10

schema

Back 10

concept or framework that organizes and interprets information

Front 11

assimilation

Back 11

interpreting new experiences in terms of our existing schemas

Front 12

accomidation

Back 12

adapting our current schemas to incorporate new information

Front 13

sensorimotor stage

Back 13

infants know the world mostly in terms of their sensory impressions and motor activities

Front 14

object permanence

Back 14

awareness that things continue to exist even when not percieved

Front 15

preoperational stage

Back 15

child learns to use language but does not have concrete logic

Front 16

conservation

Back 16

properties such as mass, volume, and number remain the same despite changes in the forms of objects

Front 17

egocentrism

Back 17

preoperational child's difficulty taking another's point of view

Front 18

theory of mind

Back 18

people's ideas about their own and others mental states (their feelings, perceptions, thoughts)

Front 19

concrete operational stage

Back 19

children gain mental operations that enable them to think logically about concrete events

Front 20

formal operational stage

Back 20

people begin to think logically about abstract concepts

Front 21

autism

Back 21

childhood disorder, deficient communication, social interaction, understanding of others

Front 22

stranger anxiety

Back 22

fear of strangers displayed by infants at 8 months old

Front 23

attachment

Back 23

emotional tie with another person, young children seeking closeness to the caregiver and showing distress when they leave

Front 24

critical period

Back 24

period shortly after birth when an organism's exposure to certain stimuli produces proper development

Front 25

imprinting

Back 25

certain animals form attachments during a critical period early in life

Front 26

temperament

Back 26

person's characteristic emotional reactivity and intensity

Front 27

basic trust

Back 27

sense that the world is predictable and trustworthy, developed during infancy by appropriate experiences

Front 28

self-concept

Back 28

our understanding and evaluation of who we are
`

Front 29

gender

Back 29

characteristics by which people define male and female

Front 30

aggression

Back 30

physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt someone

Front 31

x chromosome

Back 31

sex chromosome found in men and women. two x's make a girl

Front 32

y chromosome

Back 32

sex chromosome found only in men. an x and a y make a boy

Front 33

testosterone

Back 33

male sex hormone. stimulates growth of male sex organs and characteristics

Front 34

role

Back 34

a set of expectations about a social position, how those ought to behave

Front 35

gender role

Back 35

set of expected behaviors for males and for females

Front 36

gender identity

Back 36

sense of being male or female

Front 37

gender typing

Back 37

acquisition of a traditional masculine or feminine role

Front 38

social learning theory

Back 38

we learn social behavior by observing, imitating, and being rewarded/punished

Front 39

adolescence

Back 39

transition period from childhood to adulthood, from puberty to independence

Front 40

puberty

Back 40

period of sexual maturation, person becomes capable of reproduction

Front 41

primary sex characteristics

Back 41

body structures that make sexual reproduction possible (ovaries, testes, genitalia)

Front 42

secondary sex characteristics

Back 42

nonreproductive sexual characteristics (breasts, hips, male voice, body hair)

Front 43

menarche

Back 43

first menstrual period

Front 44

identity

Back 44

our sense of self

Front 45

social identity

Back 45

"we" aspect of our self-concept, who am i related to the group?

Front 46

intimacy

Back 46

ability to form close, loving relationships

Front 47

emerging adulthood

Back 47

late teens to mid-twenties, bridging the gap between childhood and adulthood

Front 48

menopause

Back 48

natural cessation of menstruation

Front 49

cross-sectional study

Back 49

study in which people of different ages are compared

Front 50

longitudinal study

Back 50

the same people are restudied and retested over a long period

Front 51

crystallized intelligence

Back 51

accumulated knowledge and verbal skills, increases with age

Front 52

fluid intelligence

Back 52

ability to reason speedily, decreases during late adulthood

Front 53

social clock

Back 53

culturally preferred timing of social events (marriage, parenthood, retirement)