A&p Practice Exam 2

Front 1

The ____ the body's framework, is constructed of two of the most supportive tissues cartilage and bone.

Back 1

Skeleton

Front 2

_____ skeleton bones of the limbs, or appendages

Back 2

Appendicular

Front 3

the skeleton consists of how many bones

Back 3

206

Front 4

____ bone looks smooth and homogenous

Back 4

Compact

Front 5

___ bone or cancellous bone is composed of small trabeculae of bone and lots of open space

Back 5

spongy

Front 6

bones longer than they are wide

Back 6

Long bones

Front 7

___ bones are typically cube shaped and they contain more spongy bone than compact bone. tarsals and carpals are ex.

Back 7

Short bones

Front 8

bones of the skull

Back 8

flat bones

Front 9

the vertebrae are ___ bones

Back 9

irregular

Front 10

____ bones are special types of short bones formed in tendons.

Back 10

Sesamoid

Front 11

____ or sutural bones are tiny bones between cranial bones.

Back 11

Wormian

Front 12

____ markings reveal whrer bones form joints with other boes, where muscles, tendons, and ligaments were attached, and where blood vessels and nerves passed.

Back 12

Bone markings

Front 13

Mid part or shaft of the bone

Back 13

diaphysis

Front 14

fibrous covering of bone

Back 14

periosteum

Front 15

the end of the bone

Back 15

Epiphysis

Front 16

____ ____ covers the epiphyseal surface in place of the periosteum

Back 16

Articular cartilage

Front 17

If the animal was still young and growing, you will be able to see the ____ ____, a thin area of hyaline cartilage that provides for longitudinal growth of the bone during youth.

Back 17

epiphyseal plate

Front 18

Once the long bone has stopped growing, these areas are replaced with bone and appear as thin, barely discernible remnants

Back 18

epiphyseal lines

Front 19

In an adult animal, the central cavity of the shaft (medullary cavity) is essentially a storage region for adipose tissue, or ____ ____

Back 19

yellow marrow

Front 20

____ _____ is confined to the interior of the epiphyses, where it occupies the spaces between the trabeculae and spongy bone.

Back 20

Red Marrow

Front 21

lining the shaft

Back 21

Endosteum

Front 22

spongy bone has a spiky, open-work appearance, resulting from the arrangement of the ____.

Back 22

trabeculae

Front 23

The ___ ____ canal runs parallel to the long axis of the bone and carries blood vessels, nerves, and lymp vessels through the bony matrix.

Back 23

Central Haversian canal

Front 24

Mature bone cells

Back 24

Osteocytes

Front 25

A central canal and all the concentric lamellae surrounding it are referred to as an ____ or haversian system

Back 25

Osteon

Front 26

tiny canals radiating outward from a central canal to the lacuane of the first lamella and then from lamella to lamella.

Back 26

Canaliculi

Front 27

These canals run into the compact bone and marrow cavity from the periosteum, at right angles to the shaft.

Back 27

Perforating (Volkmanns) Canal

Front 28

Except for the CLAVICLES all bones of the body inferior to the skull form in the embryo by the process of ____ ____ which uses hyaline cartilage bones as patterns for bone formation.

Back 28

Endochondral ossification

Front 29

____ ____ which cover the bone ends at moveable joints

Back 29

Articular cartilage

Front 30

found connecting the ribs to the sternum

Back 30

costal cartilages

Front 31

contructs the larynx

Back 31

Laryngeal cartilages

Front 32

reinforce other passageways of the respiratory system cartilage

Back 32

tracheal and bronchial cartilages

Front 33

support the external nose

Back 33

nasal cartilages

Front 34

separate and cushion bones of the spine

Back 34

intervertebral discs

Front 35

cartilage in external ear and epiglottis

Back 35

elastic cartilage

Front 36

this cartilage is found in knee joints and intervertebral discs

Back 36

Fibrocartilage

Front 37

Most skeletal cartilages are _____

Back 37

Hyaline

Front 38

The skull is composed of two sets of bones ____ and ____

Back 38

Cranium and facial

Front 39

enclose and protect the fragile brain tissue.

Back 39

cranium

Front 40

present in the eyes in an an anterior position and form the base of the facial muscles

Back 40

facial bones

Front 41

forming the superior, lateral, and posterior walls of the skull.

Back 41

Cranial vault or calvaria

Front 42

forming the skull bottom.

Back 42

Cranial floor or base

Front 43

Anterior portion of the cranium, forms forehead, supeiror part of the orbit, and floor of anterior cranial fossa

Back 43

Frontal bone

Front 44

Opening above each orbit allowing blood vessels and nerves to pass

Back 44

Supraorbital foramen

Front 45

Smooth area btw eyes

Back 45

Glabella

Front 46

Inferior to parietal bone on lateral skull. The temporals can be divided into four major parts: Squamous, tympanic, mastoid, petrous

Back 46

Temporal bone

Front 47

The ___ region surrounds the external ear opening.

Back 47

Tympanic

Front 48

___ region is the area posterior to the ear

Back 48

Mastoid

Front 49

forms the lateral portion of the skull base

Back 49

petrous

Front 50

A bridgelike projection joining the cheekbone anteriorly

Back 50

zygomatic process

Front 51

Rounded depression on the inferior surface of the zygomatic process; forms the socket for the madibular condyle, the point where the mandible (lower jaw) joins the cranium.

Back 51

Mandibular fossa

Front 52

Canal leading to eardrum and middle ear

Back 52

External acoustic meatus

Front 53

Needlelike projection inferior to external acoustic meatus; attachment point for muscles and ligaments of the neck.

Back 53

Styloid process

Front 54

Opening medial to the styloid process through which the internal jugular vein and cranial verves pass

Back 54

Jugular foramen

Front 55

Large opening in base of occipital which allows the spinal cord to join with the brain.

Back 55

Foramen magnum

Front 56

The lower jawbone, which articulates with the temporal bones in the only freely movable joints of the skull.

Back 56

Mandible

Front 57

Fingernailsized bones forming a part of the medial orbit walls between the maxilla and the ethmoid. Each lacrimal bone is pierced by an opening, the ____ _____ which serves as a passageway for tears

Back 57

Lacrimal fossa

Front 58

Paired boes posterior to the palatine processes; form posterior hard palate and part of the orbit.

Back 58

Palatine bones

Front 59

rounded central portion of the vertebra, which faces anteriorly in the human vertebral column

Back 59

Body or centrum

Front 60

Composed of pedicles, laminae, and a spinous process, it represents the juction of all posterior extensions from the vertebral body

Back 60

Vertebral arch

Front 61

opening enclosed by the body and vertebral arch; a conduit for the spinal cord.

Back 61

Vertebral (spinal) foramen

Front 62

Two lateral projections from the vertebral arch

Back 62

Transverse processes

Front 63

Single medial and posterior projection from the vertebral arch.

Back 63

Spinous process