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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Federalism
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a way of organizing a nation so that two levels of goverenment have formal authority over the same land and people. It is a system of shared power between units of government.
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Supremacy Clause
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article VI of the Constitution, which makes the Consititution, national laws, and treaties supreme over state lawes when the national governement is acting within its consititutional limits.
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Enumerated Powers
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Powers of the federal governement that are specifically addressed in the Constitution; for congress, these powers are listed in article I, section 8, and include the power to coin money, regulate its value, and impose taxes
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Implied Powers
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powers of the federal government that go beyond those enumerated in the constitution. The constitution states that congress has the power to "make all laws necessary and proper for carrying into execution" the powers enumerated in article I
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Elastic Clause
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the final paragraph of article I, section 8, of the Const., which authorizes congress to pass all laws "necessary and proper" to carry out the enumerated powers.
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Full Faith and Credit
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a clause in article IV, section 1, of the Const. requiring each state to recognize the oficial documents and civil judgements rendered by the courts of other states.
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Extradition
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a legal process whereby an alleged criminal offender is surrendered by the officials of one state to officals of the state in which the crime is alleged to have been committed.
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Cooperative Federalism
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a system of government in which powers and policy assignments are shared between states and national government. They may also share costs, administration, and even blame for programs that work poorly.
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Categorical Grants
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federal grants that can be used only for specific purposes, or "categories", of state and local spending. They come with strings attached, such as nondiscrimination provisions.
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Block Grants
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federal grants given more or less automatically to states or communities to support broad prgrams in areas such as community development and social services.
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Fiscal Federalism
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the pattern of spending, taxing, and providing grants in the federal system.
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Formula Grants
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a type of categorical grant where states and local governments do not apply for a grant but are given funds on the basis of a formula.
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Gibbons v. Ogden
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the 1824 Supreme Court case which further expanded congress' power to regulate interstae and international commerce by defining it broadly.
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Intergovernmental Relations
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the term used to describe the entire set of interactions among national, state and local government.
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McCulloch v. Maryland
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the 1819 supreme court case which established the supremacy of the national government over the states included both enumerated and implied powers of congress.
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Privileges and immunities
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the Const. prohibits states from discriminating against citizens of other states
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Project grants
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categorical grants awarded on teh basis of competitive applications.
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Tenth Amendment
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specifies that powers not delegated to the national government are reserved for the state government or the people.
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Unitary Government
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a system where all power resides in the central government
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Dual Federalism
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where states and the national government each remain supreme within their own spheres of power, much like a layer cake.
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Privileges and immunities
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the Const. prohibits states from discriminating against citizens of other states
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Project grants
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categorical grants awarded on teh basis of competitive applications.
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Tenth Amendment
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specifies that powers not delegated to the national government are reserved for the state government or the people.
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Unitary Government
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a system where all power resides in the central government
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Dual Federalism
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where states and the national government each remain supreme within their own spheres of power, much like a layer cake.
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