Ap Pol Sci Test 1

Front 1

Federalism

Back 1

Government that divides power between national and local governments

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Enumerated powers

Back 2

Powers listed in Article 1 section 8 for Congress

Front 3

Supremacy Clause

Back 3

Clause found in article VI says that the laws of the national government stand above conflicting state laws

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Reserved Powers

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Powers found in 10th Amendment that are for states only

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Bill Of Atainder

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Passing laws that declare an act illegal without benefit of a trial, DENIED

Front 6

Ex Post Facto

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Government passing laws that punish behavior that was legal when done, but is now against the law. DENIED

Front 7

Establishment Clause

Back 7

Constitution guarantees that citizens of one state are treated equally in other states. For example citizens of Iowa can buy property in Wisconsin

Front 8

Necessary and Proper clause is also known as the ______

Back 8

elastic clause

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Full Faith and Credit Clause

Back 9

Found in Article IV ensures that judicial decrees and contracts made in one state are enforceable in others

Front 10

Interstate agreements

Back 10

Constitution allows states to form binding agreements such as a provision to share water if it is approved by Congress

Front 11

McCulloch v. Maryland

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Decided via necessary and proper clause that states could create a national bank but could not tax it

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Gibbons v. Ogden

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Court upheld broad congressional power over interstate commerce and gave a broad definition to interstate commerce

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Natural law

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Doctrine that society should be governed by certain ethical principles that are a part of nature and, as such, can be understood by reason

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Social Contract Theory

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belief that people are free and equal by natural right, and that this in turn requires that all people give their consent to be governed; espoused by John Locke and influential in the writing of the Decleration of Independance

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Republic

Back 15

A government rooted in the consent of the governed; a representative or indirect democracy

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Direct Democracy

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System of government in which members of the polity meet to discuss all policy decisions and then agree to abide by majority rule

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Adam Smith

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Wrote Wealth of Nations

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Mercantilism

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An economic theory designed to increase a nation's wealth through the development of commercial industry and a favorable balance of trade;
Export more than you import

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Socialism

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Socialism is an economic and political theory advocating public or common ownership and cooperative management of the means of production and allocation of resources; big government

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Capitalism

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an economic and political system in which a country's trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit, rather than by the state.

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Popular Consent

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idea that governments must draw their powers from the consent of the governed

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Libertarianism

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an extreme hands-off political philosophy advocating only minimal state intervention in the lives of citizens.

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Common Sense

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Written by Thomas Paine, arguing independence from Great Britain

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Confederacy

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Type of government where the national government derives its powers from the states; a league of independent states

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5 goals of the Articles of Confederation

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National government with a Congress
Each state can has complete independence to govern within its territories
One vote in Congress for each state
Vote of 9 states to pass measure (unanimous vote on any amedment)
Congress members are selected and paid by state legislatures

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Problems under articles of Confederation

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Congress rarely assembled
Congress couldn't tax
Currency was worthless
No executive branch
No judicial system
No Strong Central government
Ex post facto and Bill of atainder
were not denied

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Decleration Of Independance

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Breakup letter with King George

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Montesquieu

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Proposed separation of powers

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Locke

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Social Contract
Believed in democracy
Man need not be harmed in his "Life, liberty, health, property"
If someone produces something via labor, it is theirs
Optimistic view of man

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Hobbes

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Believed that man was evil
Man's only interest is himself
Surrendering some freedoms to an absolute sovereign

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Rousseau

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Man is born free and self interested
state of nature = state of indifference
Knowledge is to be experienced not taught
In favor of communes
Unnecessary rules deprive us of freedom and equality

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Judicial Review

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Supreme Court can throw out on law they deem unconstitutional
Decided that judicial review was constitutional in Marbury v. Madison

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Commerce Clause

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Congress has the enumerated power to regulate commerce. Definition of commerce varies

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Privileges and Immunities Clause

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Guarantees that citizens of each state are afforded the same rights as citizens of all other states

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Anti-Federalists

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Afraid that the government would get too powerful,opposed strong central government

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Formal ways to propose amendments (2)

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Proposed by 2/3 vote from members in both houses of Congress or 2/3 of statelegislature to call national convention

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How to ratify an amendment

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favorable vote in 3/4 of state legislatures or favorable vote ratifying conventions in 3/4 of states

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Informal Amendments

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Judicial Review
Cultural and Social Change (New Deal allowed for greater governmental power)

Front 39

9th and 10th Amendments

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gives power to the states

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Denied Powers

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Ex post facto
Bill of Atainder

Front 41

Cooperative Federalism

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Layer cake analogy; intertwined relationship between national, state, and local governments that began with New Deal

Front 42

Concurrent Powers

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Powers shared by national and state governments include:
Tax
Borrow Money
Establish Courts
Make & enforce laws
Spend money for the general welfare

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Dual Federalism

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Separate and equally powerful levels of gov. is the best arrangements

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Unfunded Mandate

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An law that congress orders states to implement without funding

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Categorical grant

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Grants that give federal funds to states for a specific purpose

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Block Grant

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Broad grant with little strings attached; given to states for general categories of activity like secondary education or health services

Front 47

Intergovernmental Lobby

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One branch of government lobbying another for $$$

Front 48

Preemption

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Derived from Supremacy Clause,
Allows national government to override state actions in certain areas

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Devolution

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giving states more power via block grants and less unfunded mandates

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Interstate Compact

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Contracts between states that carry the force of law

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Articles

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Legislative
Executive
Judicial
Relationship With States
Amendments
Supremacy Clause
Ratification

Front 52

Extradition

Back 52

Requires states to return criminals to states where they have been convicted or are to stand trial