A&p Of Cardiac System

Front 1

term for the amount of volume in the ventricles prior to systole

Back 1

preload

Front 2

why is a slowed heart rate beneficial for patients with heart disease?

Back 2

less oxygen is consumed, greater filling time, and better coronary perfusion

Front 3

Chemoreceptors in the aortic arch and coronaries are sensative to changes in pH, oxygen and carbon dioxide. These changes will also effect heart rate. What happens to the heart rate when the patients oxygen level drops?

Back 3

The heart rate will increase to compensate for low oxygen supply.

Front 4

when the parasympathetic nervous system stimulates the heart, what will happen to the heart rate?

Back 4

Decrease via vagus nerve stimulation

Front 5

what is the rate the purkinje fibers will fire an electrical pulse?

Back 5

20-40 beats per min

Front 6

your patient is an 86y/o man. How would you expect his cardiac output to be compared to a 35y/o man?

Back 6

cardiac output decreases 30-40& with age

Front 7

Identify the formula that determines cardiac output

Back 7

Heart rate x stroke volume

Front 8

patient is in a-fib (atrial contraction). How will this affect preload?

Back 8

decrease it. although it is not significant enough to cause problems

Front 9

name the four factors that determine cardiac output

Back 9

heart rate, preload, afterload and contractility

Front 10

at what stage of development does the heart rate stabilize and the rhythm becomes more regular?

Back 10

adolescence.

Front 11

which factor that affects cardiac output causes the highest amount of oxygen consumption ?

Back 11

afterload

Front 12

what are the three factors that determine stroke volume?

Back 12

preload, afterload, contractility

Front 13

vessels that carry venous blood from the body back to the heart

Back 13

superior and inferior vena cava

Front 14

structure located between the left atria and left ventricle

Back 14

mitral valve

Front 15

name the three major coronary ateries

Back 15

Right coronary, left anterior descending and circumflex

Front 16

structure that carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart

Back 16

pulmonary veins

Front 17

if the SA node is injured, or unable to fire, where will the electrical impulse in the heart be initiated from?

Back 17

AV node. At a rate of 40-60bpm

Front 18

normal rate at which the AV node fires an electrical pulse in the heart

Back 18

40-60bpm

Front 19

structure between the right atrium and right ventricle

Back 19

tricuspid valve

Front 20

you check your patients blood pressure and it is below normal. They are to receive IV fluid bolus of 500ml of normal saline. How will it affect contractility?

Back 20

increase

-IV fluid increases preload and stretches the heart and BP will go up

Front 21

after a gunshot wound, a patient is bleeding heavily. IV fluids and blood are ordered. With the increase in blood supply, how will it affect the preload and heart rate?

Back 21

preload will increase (fill the tank) and heart rate will decrease or normalize.

Front 22

during what part of the cardiac cycle are the coronary ateries perfused with blood and oxygen\?

Back 22

diastole

Front 23

identify the name of the normal pacemaker of the heart

Back 23

SA node, sinus node, sinoatrial node (60-100bpm)

Front 24

what affect does aging have on a persons heart while they are excercising ?

Back 24

HR will not increase much and will not return to a resting rate as fast

Front 25

what happens when the beta adrenergic receptors in the heart are stimulated ?

Back 25

heart rate will increase

Front 26

intrinsic ability of the hearts muscle fibers to contract

Back 26

contractility

Front 27

structure where venous blood from the heart muscle returns to the right side of the heart

Back 27

coronary sinus

Front 28

if preload is increased, how will it affect cardiac output?

Back 28

increase

(starlings law- the greater the stretch, the greater the force of contractility)

Front 29

what happens to the heart rate when the sympathetic nervous system is stimulated

Back 29

increases it

Front 30

what valves of the heart close just prior to systole?

Back 30

tricuspid and mitral

Front 31

list the chambers and valves IN ORDER OF BLOOD FLOW as it returns to the heart to the body

Back 31

SVC and IVC

RA, TV, RV

PV, PA, LUNGS

PV, LA, MV, LV

AV, aorta

Front 32

patient is admitted with COPD and respiratory acidosis. How will it affect the hearts contractility >

Back 32

decrease contractility (acidosis decreases contractility)

Front 33

when baroreceptors in the aortic artch and corotid ateries are stimulated by stretch, what will happen to the heart rate?

Back 33

decrease, it helps keep the blood pressure down

Front 34

structure between left ventricle and aorta

Back 34

aortic valve

Front 35

patient is diagnosed with aortic valve stenosis and has a heart murmer. How does the valve problem affect afterload and cardiac output ?

Back 35

valvular stenosis will increase afterload causing a decreased cardiac output

Front 36

how does aging affect blood pressure?

Back 36

increase .. due to the decrease of elasticity of the vessels

Front 37

How does digoxin affect cardiac output?

Back 37

increases cardiac output by increasing contractility and slowing the heart rate

Front 38

list the path that the electrical impulse takes through the heart

Back 38

SA node, internodal tracts, AV node, bundle of his, bundle branches, purkinje fibers

Front 39

what is normal cardiac output

Back 39

4-7L/min

Front 40

your patient receives a medication that decreases afterload. How will it affect cardiac output?

Back 40

it will improve cardiac output and decrease oxygen consumption

Front 41

if a patient is taking a medication that decreases afterload, what will happen to their blood pressure?

Back 41

blood pressure will decrease (vasodilation lessens work of the heart)

Front 42

describe function of coronary arteries

Back 42

supply blood to the heart muscle and its structures

Front 43

term for the amount of volume in the ventricles prior to systole

Back 43

preload

Front 44

your patient has an MI. How will the loss of cardiac tissue affect cardiac output?

Back 44

contractility will decrease, lessening CO. this can result in heart failure

Front 45

your patient is having problems breathing due to heart failure. What immediate actions could you take to decrease the dyspnea?

Back 45

raise the HOB-- this decreases preload

Front 46

term for the amount of resistance the heart must pump against

Back 46

afterload

Front 47

amount of blood (expressed in percent) that is pumped out of the left ventricle with each beat

Back 47

ejection fraction