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58 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Pitch |
Frequency/Wavelength Frequency: Vibration in times per second called Hertz Higher the frequency, higher the pitch and the wavelength |
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Dynamics
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Amplitude/Wave Height Amplitude: Intensity and loudness of sound |
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Timbre
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Tone Color/Waveform Waveform: Shape and form of sound wave as it moves. Waveform creates unique qualities of sound called timbre |
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What is timbre made out of and how do we hear it? |
Timbre is made out of more than one frequency, usually the overtone and harmonics. We hear it as coloring of the voice or musical instrument.
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What are overtones?
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An instrument plays a set of pitches. These pitches are called overtones by themselves, and they are very weak sounds. Instead, they give the instrument color. |
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What are consonant and dissonant?
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Consonant: Combination of notes of the same overtone that sound pleasant together. Dissonant: Combination of notes of the same overtone that clash together and are out of place. |
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Articulation
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Envelope Envelope of sound consists of a sound's attack, sustain, and release. |
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What is articulation?
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The manner in which we begin the note, sustain it, and end the note.
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How does attack, sustain, and release tie together?
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Sound begins with attack (peak up from none), drops slightly then remains steady with sustain, then sound decays to silence with release. |
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What is duration?
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Duration is the length of time sound and silence lasts.
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How does sound have proportional relationships?
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Sound has a proportional relationship between note lengths as well as note pitch.
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What is a staff?
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The five lines and four spaces
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What did clef originally conform to?
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Clefs originally conformed to vocal ranges.
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What are the five vocal ranges, from highest to lowest?
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Soprano, Mezzo Soprano, Alto, Tenor, Baritone
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What is the C Clef?
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It is a clef with two C's on the right facing left. It can be moved from line to line to show where middle C is located. Because this moves from line to line, it is called movable C clef.
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Where is middle C located for all the vocals according to treble clef?
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Soprano: Lower Mi Mezzo Soprano: Sol Alto: Si Tenor: Re Baritone: Fa |
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What is monophonic and polyphonic?
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Music that uses one line of melody is monophonic. Music that uses multiple lines at the same time is polyphonic. |
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Why were other clefs created?
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When music turned to polyphonic, clefs evolved.
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What is the treble clef? |
The G above middle C |
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What is the bass clef?
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The F below middle C
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What is the grand staff?
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The staff that combines both treble and bass clefs and is used by piano as well as for notating both female and male voices.
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What is a system?
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When multiple staves are connected by bar lines, bracket, or brace, it is called a system |
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How can you tell which note is which octave? |
There are eight C's on the piano, and each C begins a new octave. Middle C is C4
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What are ledger lines?
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The lines above the staff while keeping the five lines intact
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What does an 8 underneath the treble clef mean?
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One octave lower than written
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What is the neutral clef?
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A rhythm only clef
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What is an interval? What is a half step?
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The distance between two notes is called a half step or interval.
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What is an enharmonic equivalent? |
An enharmonic equivalent is a same note on a piano with two different names |
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What are the three parts of a note and how do they work together?
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Note head, body of note Stem, notes the duration shorter than whole Flag, notes duration shorter than quarter\ Beamed together: Connected with the line thing |
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What is a bar line, a measure, a double bar line, and final bar line?
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Bar line: Line that divides staff A measure: Unit of space between bar lines Double Bar Line: Two lines that signal end of section of music Final bar line: Indicates end of composition |
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What is a cautionary accidental?
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An accidental in brackets for later use of the same accidental in order to remind the player of an accidental.
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What does the dot do?
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A dot is used to extend the value of a single note by one-half of the original value. 1 + 1/2 |
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What does the double dot do?
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It lengthens the dotted note value by half the length of the first dot. 1 + 1/2 + 1/4 |
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What is duration? |
The length of time sound or silence occurs
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Beat
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A regular, recurring pulsation that divides music into units of time
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Meter
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The organization of beats into regular groups of two, three, and four, and how the beat is subdivided
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Subdivision
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The division of the beat into two or three equal parts
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Rhythm
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A series of durations of sound and silence. Often varies |
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Tempo
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The speed of the beat
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What is the three types of measures? |
Duple, two beats, strong weak Triple, three beats, strong weak weak Quadruple, four beats, strong weak less strong weak |
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What is simple meter? |
Simple meter refers to the beat being divided equally into two parts Whole = 2 halves |
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What is compound meter?
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Compound meter refers to the beat being divided equally into three parts Dotted half = 3 quarters |
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Visualize the if-then chart that helps determine meter.
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-----------------Duple--Triple--Quadruple Simple 2 3 4 Compound 6 9 12 EG:If top number is 2 or 6, then you have duple |
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What are the three types of simple meters? |
2/16, 2/8, 2/4, 2/2 = Simple Duple 3/16, 3/8, 3/4, 3/2 = Simple Triple 4/16, 4/8, 4/4, 4/2 = Simple Quadruple |
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What is C, -C-, and Alla breve?
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C is common time, 4/4 -C- is cut time, it means alla breve, 2/2 |
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What does the time signature represent in the compound meter?
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In compound meter, the time signature represents the subdivision and not the beat EG: Nine quarter notes per measure, beat note is dotted half note |
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How do you conduct in a compound meter?
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You conduct in three
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What are the three types of compound meters?
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6/16, 6/8, 6/4, 6/2 = Compound duple 9/16, 9/8, 9/4, 9/2 = Compound triple 12/16, 12/8, 12/4, 12/2 = Compound quadruple |
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What is an asymmetrical measure?
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Not equal It refers to meters that have beat units of unequal length EG: 5 or 7 as top number 7 might mean 2+3+2 |
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In simple meter, how is the regular division of a note value divided?
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In simple meter the regular division of a note value is always in two equal parts.
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What are triplets and duplets? |
Triplets divide a regular duration into three Duplets divide a regular duration into two |
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What is an anacrusis?
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A pick up note
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What happens when an anacrusis is present in a song?
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In music that begins with an anacrusis, the last measure is incomplete as so to balance metrically with pick up notes and equal one complete measure.
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What is a syncopation?
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A syncopation is a rhythmic displacement of the expected strong beats created by dots, rests, ties, accent marks, and dynamics.
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When does syncopation occur?
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Syncopation occurs when the emphasis on stress is in between the beats or on a normally weak beat. |
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What is hemiolia/hemiola?
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A special type of syncopation in triple meters in which the beat is temporarily regrouped into two's. EG: Time signature is 3/4, but notes are 12, 34, 56 and crossing bars |
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When does the note stem go up or go down? |
The stem goes downward for pitches on and above the middle line. The stem goes upward for pitches under the middle line. |
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How do you read the time signature? |
The number above represents the number of beats per measure, and the number below represents which note gets one beat.
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