Ap Mod Vocab (Final)

Front 1

syndicalism

Back 1

the French trade-unionist belief that unions would become the governmental power through a general strike that would paralyze society

Front 2

syndicats

Back 2

French trade unions

Front 3

"tabula rasa"

Back 3

John Lockes' concept of the mind as a blank sheet ultimately bombarded by sense impressions that, aided by human reason, formulate ideas

Front 4

taille

Back 4

a direct tax from which most French nobles were exempt

Front 5

Tennis Court Oath

Back 5

declaration mainly by members of the 3rd Estate not to disband until they had drafted a constitution for France

Front 6

Test Act

Back 6

British law prohibiting Catholics and dissenters from holding political office

Front 7

theocracy

Back 7

a community, such as Calvin's Geneva, in which the state is subordinate to the church

Front 8

Third Reich

Back 8

the name given to Germany during the Nazi regime, between 1933-1945. The First Reich (or empire) was from 963-1806 (the Holy Roman Empire); the second was from 1871-1917 (the reigns of William I and William II)

Front 9

Three Emporers' League

Back 9

the 1873 alliance between Germany, Austria and Russia

Front 10

Marshal Tito

Back 10

Communist chief of Yugoslavia who proclaimed Communist independence of his country from Soviet influence

Front 11

totalitarianism

Back 11

an attempt by gov't to control a society totally through a dictatorship that employs the modern methods of communication-press, TV, radio- to glorify the state over the individual

Front 12

Treaty of Brest-Litovsk

Back 12

pact by which Lenin pulled Russia out of the war with Germany and gave up one third of the Russian population in the western territories of Poland, the Baltic states, and the Ukraine

Front 13

Treaty of Frankfurt

Back 13

the end of the Franco-Prussian War, which ceded the territories of Alsace and Lorraine to Germany

Front 14

Treaty of Rome

Back 14

pact, created in 1957, that set up the European Economic Community (aka: the Common Market)

Front 15

Treaty of Tilst

Back 15

agreement between Napoleon and Czar Alexander I in which Russia became an ally of France and Napoleon took over the lands of Prussia west of the Elbe as well as the Polish provinces

Front 16

Triple Alliance

Back 16

the 1882 alliance between Germany, Austria and Italy

Front 17

Triple Entente

Back 17

after 1907, the alliance between England, France and Russia

Front 18

Flora Tristan

Back 18

socialist and feminist who called for working women's social and political rights

Front 19

Leon Trotsky

Back 19

Lenin's ally who organized and led the Bolshevik military takeover of the provisional gov't headed by Kerensky, in Nov. 1917

Front 20

Truman Doctrine

Back 20

policy providing military aid to Greece and Turkey in an effort to contain Communism (1947-1948)

Front 21

"Two Tactics for Social Democracy"

Back 21

the 1905 essay in which Lenin argued that the agrarian and industrial revolutions could be telescoped. It was unnecesary for Russia to become an industrialized nation before the Marxist revolution

Front 22

ursury

Back 22

the practice of lending money for interest

Front 23

Lorenzo Valla

Back 23

a humanist who used historical criticism to discredit an 8th century document giving the papacy jurisdiciton over Western lands

Front 24

Vatican

Back 24

the independent sovereign state of the pope and the Catholic church, established in Rome in 1929

Front 25

Vatican Council of 1870

Back 25

gathering of Catholic church leaders that proclaimed the doctrine of papal infallibility

Front 26

Versailles

Back 26

palace constructed by Louis XIV outside of Paris to glorify his rule and subdue the nobility

Front 27

Victor Emmanuel III

Back 27

king of Italy who asked Mussolini to form a cabinet in 1922, thus allowing Mussolini to take power legally

Front 28

virtu

Back 28

the striving for personal excellence

Front 29

Voltaire

Back 29

author of "Philosophical Letters" and "Candide"

Front 30

war communism

Back 30

the application of total war by the Bolsheviks to the civil war (1918-1920) at home-IE: requisitioning grain, nationalizing banks and industries, and introducing rationing

Front 31

War of Spanish Succession

Back 31

the last of Louis XIV's wars involving the issue of succession to the Spanish throne and culminating in the Peace of Utrect

Front 32

Warsaw Pact

Back 32

a military alliance, formed in 1955, of the Soviet Union and its Eastern European satellite nations

Front 33

Wahsington Conference

Back 33

conference of major powers to reduce naval armaments among Great Britain, Japan, France, Italy and the US

Front 34

Weimar

Back 34

a reference to the republic of Germany that lasted from 1919-1933

Front 35

Weltpolitik

Back 35

the policiy of making Germany a major global power through an expanding navy and the acquisition of colonies--the dream of William II

Front 36

"What Is to Be Done?"

Back 36

essay written by Lenin in 1902 that outlined his plan for an elite revolutionary cadre to engineer the communist revolution in agrarian Russia

Front 37

William of Orange

Back 37

Dutch prince and foe of Louis XIV who became king of England in 1689

Front 38

Woodrow Wilson

Back 38

president of the US and key figure in the peace conferences during WWI intending to make the world "safe for democracy"

Front 39

Sergei Witte

Back 39

finance minister under whome Russia industrialized and began a program of economic modernization

Front 40

Mary Wollstonecraft

Back 40

author of "A Vindication of the Rights of Woman"

Front 41

John Wycliffe

Back 41

English theologian who wrote that Scriptures alone, not papal claims, should be the standard of Christian belieif and practice

Front 42

Yalta

Back 42

the wartime meeting of Roosevelt, Churchill and Stalin in Feb. 1945 to discuss military strategy and postwar plans

Front 43

Young Italy

Back 43

an association under the leadership of Mazzini that urged the unification of the country

Front 44

Young Plan

Back 44

schedule that set limits to Germany's reparation payments and reduced the agreed-on time for occupation of the Ruhr

Front 45

Zemstvo

Back 45

a type of Russian local gov't with powers to tax and make laws; essentially, a training ground for democracy, dominiated by the property-owning class when established in 1864

Front 46

Clara Zetkin

Back 46

German Marxist who focused on women's issues in the Communist Party

Front 47

Zimmermann Telegram

Back 47

a secret German message to Mexico supporting the Mexican gov't in regaining Arizona and Texas if the Mexicans declared war on the US- another factor propelling the US into WWI in April 1917

Front 48

Zollverein

Back 48

economic customs union of German states established in 1818 by Prussia and including almost all German-speakig states except Austria by 1844