Ap Mod Vocab 1

Front 1

Absolutism

Back 1

The theory that the monarch is supreme and can exercise full and complete power unilaterally

Front 2

Konrad Adenauer

Back 2

The first chancellor of West Germany; he was able to establish a stable democratic government

Front 3

Gustavus Adolphus

Back 3

Swedish Lutheran king who won victories for the German Protestants in the Thirty Years' War and lost his life in one of the battles

Front 4

Alexander II

Back 4

Reforming czar who emancipated the serfs and introduced some measure of representative local gov't

Front 5

Alexander III

Back 5

Politically reactionary czar who promoted economic modernization of Russia

Front 6

Algerian Liberation Movement

Back 6

An eight-year struggle by Algeria to secure independence from French colonial control; the goal was finally achieved in 1962

Front 7

Duke of Alva

Back 7

Military leader sent by Philip II to pacify the Low Countries

Front 8

Ancien regime

Back 8

France prior to the French Revolution

Front 9

Anschluss

Back 9

The union of Austria with Germany, resulting from the occupation of Austria by the German army in 1938

Front 10

Appeasement

Back 10

The making of concessions to an adversary in the hope of avoiding conflict. The term is most often used in reference to the meeting between Hitler and British Prime Minister Chamberlain in Munich, where agreement was made, in September 1938, to cede the Sudetenland to Germany

Front 11

Aristotelian-Ptolemaic cosmology

Back 11

The geocentric view of the universe that prevailed from the fourth century B.C. to the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries and accorded with church teachings and Scriptures

Front 12

Armada

Back 12

Spanish vessels defeated in the English Channel by an English fleet, thus preventing Philip II's invasion of England

Front 13

Army Order no. 1

Back 13

An order issued to the Russian military when the provisional gov't was formed in March 1917. It deprived officers of their authority and placed power in elected committees of common soldiers. This led to the collapse of army discipline.

Front 14

Article 231

Back 14

Provision of the Versailles Treaty that blamed Germany for WWI

Front 15

Atlantic Charter

Back 15

The joint declaration, in August 1941, by Roosevelt and Churchill, stating common principles for the Free World: self-determination, free choice of gov't; equal opportunities for all nations for trade, permanent system of general security and disarmament

Front 16

Francis Bacon

Back 16

Inductive thinker who stressed experimentation in arriving at truth

Front 17

Vasco de Balboa

Back 17

First European to reach the Pacific Ocean

Front 18

Banalités

Back 18

Fees that French peasants were obligated to pay landlords for the use of the village mill, bakeshop, and winepress

Front 19

Baroque

Back 19

The sensuous and dynamic style of art of the Counter-Reformation

Front 20

Bastille

Back 20

The political prison & armory stormed on July 14, 1789, by Parisian city workers alarmed by the king's concentration of troops at Versailles

Front 21

Simone de Beauvoir

Back 21

An existentialist & feminist who has written on the psychology and social position of women

Front 22

Cesare Beccaria

Back 22

Author of Of Crime and Punishment

Front 23

Beer Hall Putsch

Back 23

Hitler's attempt, in 1923, to overthrow the Weimar Republic when he fired his pistol in the ceiling of a Munich beer hall

Front 24

Jeremy Bentham

Back 24

British theorist & philosopher who proposed utilitarianism - the principle that gov'ts should operate on the basis of utility, or the greatest good for the greatest number

Front 25

Berlin Wall

Back 25

Concrete barrier constructed by the Soviets in August 1961 between West Berlin & East Berlin to prevent East Germans from fleeing to the West

Front 26

Eduard Bernstein

Back 26

Revisionist German Social Democrat who favored socialist revolution by the ballot rather than the bullet - i.e., by cooperating with the bourgeois members of Parliament & securing electoral victories for his party

Front 27

Bill of Rights

Back 27

Document declaring that sovereignty resided with the parliament

Front 28

Otto von Bismarck

Back 28

Prussian chancellor who engineered a series of wars to unify Germany under his authoritarian rule

Front 29

Black Death

Back 29

The bubonic plague that struck Europe in the mid-fourteenth century and killed from one third to one half of the population before it ran its course after 1600

Front 30

Black Hand

Back 30

The Serbian secret society alleged to be responsible for assassinating Archduke Francis Ferdinand

Front 31

Black Shirts

Back 31

The private army of Mussolini

Front 32

Blank check

Back 32

Reference to the full support provided by William II to Austria-Hungary in its conflict with Serbia

Front 33

Blitzkrieg

Back 33

A lightning war using planes, tanks, artillery, and mechanized infantry to knock out the opponent swiftly

Front 34

Bolsheviks

Back 34

Left-wing, revolutionary Marxists headed by Lenin

Front 35

Boyar

Back 35

Russian noble

Front 36

Willy Brandt

Back 36

Chancellor of West Germany in the late 1960s; he sought to improve relations with the states of Eastern Europe

Front 37

Brethren of the Common Life

Back 37

Pious laypeople in sixteenth-century Holland who initiated a religious revival in their model of Christian living

Front 38

Leonid Brezhnev

Back 38

Soviet leader who helped oust and then replace Krushchev

Front 39

Brezhnev Doctrine

Back 39

Policy proclaimed in 1968 and declaring that the Soviet Union had the right to intervene in any Socialist country whenever it determined there was a need

Front 40

Brown Shirts

Back 40

Hitler's private army of supporters; so known as the SA